microbiology 2006 - Asian Paramedics

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601. 20 grams of food sample are mixed with 180 ml of water. What will be the dilution?
A. 10-2
B. 10-1
C. 10-3
D. 10-4 ✅

602. Which were the scientist lived at the same time?
A. Koch and Pasteur ✅
B. Darwin and Woese
C. Van Leeuenhoek and Ricketts
D. Berg and Hooke

603. The feature of the archaea that distinguishes them from the bacteria is:
A. Habitats which are extreme environments
B. Absence of a nuclear membrane
C. Presence of a cell wall
D. Cytoplasmic ribosomes that are 70S ✅

604. Gram staining was introduced by:
A. Christian Gram ✅
B. Alfred Gram
C. Robert Cooke
D. Louis Pasteur

605. Which of the following is considered the most unifying concept in biology?
A. Taxonomy
B. Anatomy
C. Genetics
D. Evolution ✅

606. Various bacterial species can be subdivided into:
A. Subspecies
B. Bio-varieties
C. Sero-varieties
D. All of these ✅

607. A characteristic of protein synthesis in both the archaea and eukarya is:
A. Transcription and translation are coupled
B. Translation is inhibited by diphtheria toxin
C. Proteins are synthesized from D-, rather than L-, isomers of amino acids
D. The initiator tRNA is charged with N-formylmethionine ✅

608. All of the following are features of prokaryotes EXCEPT:
A. Nitrogen fixation
B. Photosynthesis
C. Sexual reproduction ✅
D. Locomotion

609. The virulence of _____ is linked to its cell wall, an exotoxin (PLD) and a protective antigen (CP40).
A. Mycobacterium
B. Campylobacter
C. Brucella
D. Corynebacterium ✅

610. E. coli O157:H7 is an example of:
A. Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)
B. Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) ✅
C. Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC)
D. Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC)

611. Genetic and biochemical similarities between contemporary cyanobacteria and eukaryotic chloroplasts are accepted to mean that:
A. Eukaryotes evolved from bacteria
B. Eukaryotes evolved from archaea
C. Oxygenic photosynthesis first evolved in eukaryotes
D. Cyanobacteria arose from chloroplasts which escaped from plant cells ✅

612. Staph. aureus differs from S. epidermidis by:
A. Is coagulase positive ✅
B. Forms white colonies
C. A common cause of UTI
D. Causes endocarditis of prosthetic valve

613. A cook prepares snacks from 10 people going for a picnic. 08 out of them develop severe gastroenteritis within 4-6 hours of consumption of snacks. It is likely that on investigations cook is found to be carrier of:
A. Salmonella typhi
B. Vibrio cholerae
C. E. coli
D. Staphylococcus aureus ✅

614. Ahmad comes from dinner, he complained about diarrhea, vomiting after 4 hours of meal. Most likely causative agent:
A. Salmonella typhi
B. Vibrio cholerae
C. E. coli
D. Staphylococcus aureus ✅

615. _______ is capsulated and shows positive Negler’s reaction due to presence of α-toxin.
A. Clostridium tetani
B. Clostridium botulinum
C. Clostridium perfringens ✅
D. Clostridium difficile

616. Giemsa-stained blood smear with bipolar-staining pathogens indicates involvement of:
A. Bacillus anthracis
B. Pasteurella multocida
C. Brucella abortus
D. Mycobacterium bovis ✅

617. Primary differences between cilia and flagella are:
A. Arrangement of microtubules
B. Length and location of basal bodies
C. Number, length and direction of force
D. How the microtubules are fused to each other? ✅

618. All Gram-Negative bacilli have _______?
A. Capsule
B. Endotoxin ✅
C. Exotoxin
D. Coagulase

619. Causative agent of lockjaw disease is hemolytic on blood agar due to the production of __________.
A. tetanolysin ✅
B. tetanospasmin
C. endotoxin
D. beta-hemolysin

620. Which of the following is opportunistic pathogen?
A. Salmonella Typhimurium
B. Escherichia coli ✅
C. Proteus mirabilis
D. Yersinia pestis

621. If result of TSI test show, Red/Yellow with bubbles and black precipitate, what is your interpretation?
A. Glucose fermentation and H2S production
B. Lactose fermentation with gas and H2S production
C. Glucose fermentation with gas and H2S production ✅
D. Glucose fermentation and H2S production

622. Which one of these is extremely resistant to antibiotics and disinfectants?
A. Bacillus anthracis
B. Pseudomonas aeruginosa ✅
C. Clostridium tetani
D. Salmonella Typhimurium

623. Which one of these is NOT correct about B. mallei?
A. B. mallei can grow at 42oC
B. B. mallei is non-motile
C. B. mallei is non-hemolytic
D. B. mallei can ferment glucose ✅

624. B. mallei is classified as Category B bioterrorist agent because:
A. It causes chronic disease in equines
B. It presents as nasal, and cutaneous forms
C. Disease leads to formation of nodules on the skin
D. Infection by inhalation requires small number of pathogens ✅

625. Infection with _________ can lead to abortion in pregnant women & can be life-threatening in neonates, elderly and immunocompromised patients.
A. Clostridium tetani
B. Burkholderia mallei
C. Listeria monocytogenes ✅
D. Mycoplasma mycoides

626. Lumpy jaw disease with yellowish ‘sulfur granules’ is caused by:
A. Actinomyces bovis ✅
B. Borrelia anserina
C. Actinobacillus lignieresii
D. Mycoplasma bovis

627. Which of the followings is NOT a predisposing factor for enterotoxaemia in elder sheep?
A. Incomplete establishment of normal microbiota ✅
B. Abrupt change to a rich diet
C. Gorging on energy-rich diet
D. Intestinal hypomotility

628. ______ is used to determine glucose fermentation.
A. Voges Proskauer test
B. TSI test ✅
C. Catalase test
D. Coagulase test

629. Zoonotic cases of TB are usually associated with?
A. Mycobacterium bovis ✅
B. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
C. Mycobacterium avium
D. Mycobacterium caprae

630. Causative agent of bovine reproductive disease is?
A. Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus
B. Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis ✅
C. Campylobacter coli
D. Campylobacter jejuni

631. All are correct for anthrax bacilli EXCEPT?
A. They produce endotoxin.
B. They are spore forming.
C. They have polypeptide capsule.
D. They produce non-hemolytic colonies. ✅

632. Shiga toxin is a form of?
A. Exotoxin ✅
B. Endotoxin
C. Neurotoxin
D. Exfoliative toxin

633. Which of the following drug is NOT used to treat dermatophytosis (fungal disease) in cats and dogs?
A. Itraconazole
B. Ciprofloxacin ✅
C. Fluconazole
D. Terbinafine

634. Which of the following is NOT the characteristic of all members of Enterobacteriaceae?
A. Motile ✅
B. Gram-negative
C. Catalase positive
D. Facultative anaerobes

635. Borrelia burgdorferi is transmitted by:
A. Ixodes ✅
B. Aedes
C. Anapholes
D. Argus

636. Addition of glycerol in the culture medium enhances the growth of:
A. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
B. Mycobacterium avium
C. Mycobacterium bovis
D. Both ‘A’ & ‘B’ ✅

637. Which causes food INTOXICATION?
A. Clostridium botulinum ✅
B. Clostridium tetani
C. Streptococcus pyogenes
D. Salmonella Typhimurium

638. Colonies of __________ give egg-fried appearance.
A. Klebsiella pneumoniae ✅
B. Bacillus anthracis
C. Mycobacterium bovis
D. Mycoplasma bovis

639. Fowl typhoid is caused by:
A. Salmonella Typhimurium
B. Salmonella Pullorum ✅
C. Salmonella Gallinarum
D. Salmonella Enteritidis

640. _____ is a property of Listeria monocytogenes
A. It is an extracellular pathogen
B. It can grow at refrigerator temperatures (4°C) ✅
C. It is non-motile
D. After Gram-staining, it exhibits G+ large bacilli

641. Dermatophytosis in human is caused by __________ contracted from infected cats.
A. Microsporum capri
B. Trychophyton canis
C. Microsporum canis ✅
D. Epidermyphyton canis

642. Which of the following is NOT a SEROLOGICAL test used for diagnosis of bovine brucellosis?
A. Rose-Bengal plate test
B. Polymerase chain reaction ✅
C. Brucella milk ring test
D. Complement fixation test

643. Wooden tongue or timber tongue with history of grazing rough pasture indicates the infection by:
A. Borrelia anserina
B. Actinomyces bovis ✅
C. Actinobacillus lignieresii
D. Mycoplasma bovis

644. Fungi can cause disease by:
A. Tissue invasion
B. Toxin production
C. Induction of hypersensitivity
D. All of these ✅

645. Virulence factor/s of C. neoformans include?
A. Capsule
B. Ability to grow at mammalian body temp.
C. Production of phenol oxidase
D. All of these ✅

646. All are bounded by a cell wall EXCEPT?
A. Actinomyces bovis
B. Mycobacterium bovis
C. Mycoplasma bovis ✅
D. Borrelia anserina

647. Gas gangrene causing bacillus is:
A. Facultative anaerobe
B. Microaerophilic
C. Obligate anaerobe ✅
D. Obligate aerobe

648. Leptospira is transmitted (animal to human) by?
A. Animal scratch
B. Contact with urine from infected animal ✅
C. Animal bite
D. Arthropod vector

649. Zearalenone (mycotoxin) is produced by:
A. Aspergillus species
B. Fusarium species ✅
C. Penicillium species
D. Claviceps species

650. Example of anaerobic medium is
A. Robertson cooked-meat medium ✅
B. Sabouraud dextrose agar
C. MacConkey agar
D. Mannitol salt agar

651. MacConkey agar is an example of?
A. General purpose medium
B. Enrichment medium
C. Differential medium ✅
D. Enriched medium

652. Which of the following is the most commonly affected non-pulmonary site by Mycoplasma?
A. Meningitis
B. Prosthetic heart valve
C. Septic arthritis
D. Urethritis ✅

653. Which of the following is the current preferred antimicrobial treatment of cutaneous anthrax?
A. Aminoglycosides
B. Ciprofloxacin ✅
C. Penicillin
D. Tetracycline

654. Bacillus anthracis is unique to other bacteria. It is the only bacteria to possess which of the following?
A. An endotoxin
B. A polypeptide capsule ✅
C. A polysaccharide capsule
D. Teichoic acid in its outer cell wall

655. Which of the following diseases could also be transmitted by ticks?
A. Q fever ✅
B. Leptospirosis
C. Ehrlichiosis
D. Yellow fever

656. Which of the following are the special laboratory conditions needed to recover C. jejuni?
A. 98.6 oF (37 oC) aerobic blood agar plates
B. 98.6 oF (37 oC) anaerobic blood agar plates
C. 107.6 oF (42 oC) microaerophilic Skirrow medium ✅
D. 107.6 oF (42 oC) anaerobic Skirrow medium

657. Testing of blood culture revealed Gram-positive cocci, vancomycin-resistant, PYR-positive and the presence of Lancefield group D antigen. Which of the following is the most likely isolate identification?
A. Enterococcus faecalis ✅
B. Staphylococcus aureus
C. Streptococcus pneumoniae
D. Streptococcus agalactiae

658. Verotoxin producing E. coli O157:H7 serotype belongs to which group?
A. Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC)
B. Enterhemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) ✅
C. Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC)
D. Enterotocigenic E. coli (ETEC)

659. Which of the following is a key typical characteristic of H. pylori as compared to Campylobacter species?
A. Coagulase production
B. Catalase production
C. Urease production ✅
D. Curved shape

660. A 4-year-old has fever and diarrhea. Blood culture grows a Gram-negative rod. This is most likely to be which of the following?
A. Group B Streptococcus
B. Listeria species
C. Salmonella species ✅
D. Neisseria species

661. The O antigen used to help characterize members of Enterobacteriaceae are found on:
A. Capsules
B. Endotoxins ✅
C. Exotoxins
D. Flagella

662. The most frequent source of L. monocytogenes infection is through which of the following?
A. Human feces
B. Soil
C. Raw milk ✅
D. Ticks

663. The ability of the Neisseria meningitidis to colonize the respiratory mucosa is associated with its ability to synthesize:
A. Coagulase
B. Collagenase
C. Lipases
D. Pilli ✅

664. UTI as a result of Proteus mirabilis facilitates the formation of kidney stones because the organism does which of the following?
A. Destroys blood vessels in the kidney
B. Exhibits ‘swarming’ motility
C. Ferments many sugars
D. Produces a potent urease ✅

665. A woman is noted to have pyelonephritis with shaking chills and fever. Blood cultures are obtained and the Gram-negative is read preliminary as consistent with Proteus species. Which of the following bacteria also may be the etiology?
A. Escherichia coli ✅
B. Group B Streptococcus
C. Staphylococcus aureus
D. Streptococcus pyogenes

666. A man is diagnosed with meningitis. CSF grows out Gram-positive diplococci. This is most likely to be:
A. Neisseria meningitidis
B. Staphylococcus aureus
C. Salmonella typhi
D. Streptococcus pneumoniae ✅

667. Which of the following viral families is known to be causally associated with tumor formation?
A. Flavivirus
B. Papovavirus ✅
C. Paramyxovirus
D. Polyoma virus

668. In which of the following sites is Salmonella typhi most likely to be found during the carrier state?
A. Blood
B. Gallbladder ✅
C. Kidney
D. Lungs

669. Which of the following is mismatched?
A. Halophilic – Salmonella typhi ✅
B. Severe dehydration – Vibrio choleae
C. Multi-drug resistance – Pseudomonas aeruginosa
D. Coagulase positive – Staphylococcus aureus

670. A 12-hour-old newborn has a temperature of 103oF. Blood culture grows Gram-positive cocci in chains. This is most likely to be:
A. Group A Streptococcus (S. pyogenes) ✅
B. Staphylococcus aureus
C. Neisseria meningitidis
D. Mycobacterium tuberculosis

671. _________ is primary factor of S. pneumoniae?
A. Pilli
B. Polypeptide capsule
C. Polysaccharide capsule ✅
D. Coagulase

672. Virulence factors of Staphylococcus aureus include all of the following EXCEPT:
A. Coagulase
B. Enterotoxin
C. Protein A
D. M protein ✅

673. Short incubation food poisoning caused by ingestion of preformed enterotoxin, is caused by:
A. Staphylococcus aureus ✅
B. Staphylococcus epidermidis
C. Staphylococcus saprophyticus
D. Streptococcus pneumoniae

674. A nurse experienced a needle stick injury. The patient used illicit intravenous drugs. One month later, nurse develops jaundice. Which of following findings would implicate hepatitis B as the etiology?
A. Positive anti-hepatitis B surface antibody
B. Positive anti-hepatitis B-core antibody
C. Positive hepatitis B surface antigen ✅
D. Positive anti-hepatitis A antibody

675. A man tests positive for HCV infection. Which of following is the most likely method of transmission?
A. Fecal-oral
B. Fomite
C. Intravenous drug (needles) ✅
D. Sexual transmission

676. In an HIV-1 patient, which of following is the most predictive of the patient’s prognosis?
A. Degree of lymphadenopathy
B. CD4+:CD8+ cell ratio
C. Level of HIV-1 RNA in plasma ✅
D. Rate of decline in anti-HIV antibody

677. Which of the following is the pathogen responsible for blindness in advanced HIV infection?
A. Cytomegalovirus ✅
B. Candida albicans
C. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
D. Neisseria meningitidis

678. A seconds-year MPhil student is researching the role of HPV in causing cancer. Which of the following types of cancer is HPV most commonly associated with?
A. Anogenital ✅
B. Breast
C. Lung
D. Prostate

679. The primary pathologic effect of polio viral infection is a result of which of the following?
A. Destruction of infected cells ✅
B. Persistent viremia
C. Immune complex formation
D. Aseptic meningitis

680. Which of the following statements best describes an advantage of the oral polio vaccine when compared to inactivated polio vaccine?
A. It can be given to immunocompromised patients.
B. It is not associated with vaccine-related cases of poliomyelitis.
C. It induces local intestinal immunity. ✅
D. It is easily administered as a series of multiple injections.

681. Which of the following paramyxoviruses lacks an envelope viral attachment protein with HA activity?
A. Parainfluenza virus
B. Mumps virus
C. Measles virus
D. Respiratory syncytial virus ✅

682. Escherichia coli differs from Klebsiella by:
A. Gram- negative
B. Motile ✅
C. Non- sporogenous
D. Non lactose fermenting