MCQ Test body { font-family: Arial, sans-serif; margin: 20px; } .question { margin-bottom: 20px; } .tick { color: green; /* Green color for tick mark */ font-weight: bold; } .question-title { font-weight: bold; /* Bold the questions */ }
301. _____fungi that can exist as a mold as well as yeast.
A. Hyphae
B. Tinea pedis
C. Dimorphic ✅
D. Spore forming
302. The viruses that attack bacteria are:
A. Bacteriophages ✅
B. Bacterial viruses
C. Bacterial pathogens
D. Virions
303. Fungal hyphae may be:
A. Septate
B. Non-septate
C. Branched
D. All of these ✅
304. Where are target cells of diphtherotoxin located?
A. The skin
B. The skeletal muscles
C. The lungs
D. The heart and nervous system ✅
305. Fusion of nuclei in fungi is:
A. Karyogamy ✅
B. Progamy
C. Microgamy
D. Pregamy
306. Which of the following is a purine?
A. Adenine ✅
B. Thymine
C. Uracil
D. Cytosin
307. Haemophilus influenzae requires _____________ for growth.
A. Hemin
B. NAD
C. Blood
D. Both “A” and “B” ✅
308. What type of vaccine is the anthrax vaccine?
A. Attenuated bacteria
B. Toxoid
C. Killed whole bacterial cells ✅
D. Recombinant
309. Tuberculosis is spread by:
A. Contaminated fomites
B. Food
C. Respiratory droplets ✅
D. Vectors
310. What causes the major symptoms of tetanus?
A. Production of tetanospasmin ✅
B. Multiplication of organisms at the site of infection
C. Production of botulin toxin
D. Superinfection due to antibiotic therapy
311. Clostridium difficile is associated with:
A. Myonecrosis
B. Food poisoning
C. Antibiotic-induced colitis ✅
D. Gas gangrene
312. Which of the following can swarm on a plate, making it difficult to distinguish colonies?
A. E. coli
B. Shigella dysenteriae
C. Salmonella typhi
D. Proteus vulgaris ✅
313. Only one of the followings is characteristic of B-cell but not T-cells:
A. Class I MHC
B. CD3
C. Polyclonal activation by concanavalin A
D. Surface immunoglobulin ✅
314. Robert Koch developed his postulates using _____.
A. Bacillus cereus
B. Clostridium tetani
C. Bacillus anthracis ✅
D. Staphylococcus aureus
315. How are most cases of listeriosis transmitted?
A. Insect vectors
B. Respiratory secretions
C. Transplacental
D. Contaminated food ✅
316. Which infectious agent is an obligate parasite?
A. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
B. Corynebacterium diphtheriae
C. Mycobacterium leprae ✅
D. Clostridium difficile
317. Which infection can be considered as zoonosis?
A. Anthrax ✅
B. Gas gangrene
C. Diphtheria
D. leprosy
318. Bacterial cells divide by:
A. Budding
B. Binary Fission ✅
C. Spores
D. Sexual reproduction
319. A classic symptom of pertussis is:
A. Diarrhea
B. Paroxysmal coughing ✅
C. Convulsions
D. Headache
320. Complications of typhoid fever are:
A. Neurological damage
B. Intestinal perforation ✅
C. Liver abscesses
D. Both “B” and “C”
321. How are Leptospira species transmitted from their animal reservoirs to humans?
A. Animal bites
B. Arthropod vectors
C. Contact with urine from an infected animal ✅
D. Inhalation
322. Coliforms are used as indicator organisms of sewage pollution because _______.
A. They are pathogens
B. They ferment lactose ✅
C. They are abundant in human intestines
D. All of the above
323. A patient with nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea within 5 hours after eating most likely has:
A. Shigellosis
B. E. coli gastroenteritis
C. Salmonellosis
D. Intoxication ✅
324. The bubo of bubonic plague is a/an:
A. Ulcer where the flea bite occurred
B. Granuloma in the skin
C. Enlarged lymph node ✅
D. Infected sebaceous gland
325. Escherichia coli displays which antigens?
A. Capsular
B. Flagellar
C. Somatic
D. All of these ✅
326. Cardinal manifestation of human brucellosis is:
A. Vomiting and diarrhea
B. A pseudo-membrane in the throat
C. A fluctuating pattern of fever ✅
D. Peeling of the skin on the palms and soles
327. Which is not a characteristic of coliform group?
A. Non-glucose fermenting ✅
B. Lactose fermenting
C. Oxidase negative
D. Gram negative rods
328. Which one is NOT discovered by Robert Koch?
A. Bacillus anthracis
B. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
C. Salmonella typhi
D. Vibrio cholerae ✅
329. What stage of syphilis has disseminating rash, alopecia, lymphadenopathy, & flulike symptoms?
A. Primary syphilis
B. Secondary syphilis ✅
C. Tertiary syphilis
D. Congenital syphilis
330. Which one would be unsusceptible to penicillin?
A. Leptospira
B. Mycoplasma ✅
C. Chlamydia
D. Rickettsia
331. Lyme disease is caused by _____ & spread by _____.
A. Borrelia recurrentis, lice
B. Borrelia hermsii, ticks
C. Borrelia burgdorferi, chiggers
D. Borrelia burgdorferi, ticks ✅
332. Which of following cells do not have MHC II molecules?
A. Antibody producing B cells
B. Cytotoxic T cells ✅
C. Dendritic cells
D. Macrophages
333. Indole test indicates the cleavage of _______.
A. Lactose
B. Tryptophan ✅
C. Glucose
D. Tyrosine
334. What is the most common human disease?
A. Walking pneumonia
B. Strep throat
C. Tuberculosis
D. Dental caries ✅
335. Which of following is related with Ureaplasma?
A. Genitourinary tract infection ✅
B. Atypical pneumonia
C. Tracheobronchitis
D. Influenza-like illness
336. What order do T lymphocytes express CD4/CD8 markers during maturation in the thymus?
A. DN – DP – SP ✅
B. DP – DN – SN
C. SP – DN – DP
D. All of the above
337. Primary virulence factor for E. coli is _______.
A. Inflammatory response
B. cAMP inducing toxin
C. Toxin disrupts protein synthesis
D. Superantigen ✅
338. Sweat glands produces enzymes like lysozymes, which is more effective against _________.
A. Gram Negative Cell Wall
B. Gram Positive Cell Wall ✅
C. Viruses
D. Parasites
339. Mycoplasmas attack the _____ of host cells.
A. Nucleus
B. Ribosomes
C. Mitochondria
D. Cell membranes ✅
340. Rickettsia and chlamydia are similar in being:
A. Free of a cell wall
B. The cause of eye infections
C. Carried by arthropod vectors ✅
D. Obligate intracellular bacteria
341. What stage(s) of Chlamydia is/are infectious?
A. Reticulate body
B. Vegetative cell
C. Elementary body ✅
D. Both “A” and “B”
342. Endotoxin is responsible for symptoms caused by which of the following organisms?
A. Neisseria meningitidis
B. Streptococcus pyogenes
C. Clostridium. tetani
D. Bacillus anthracis ✅
343. Which of the following blood cells function primarily as phagocytes in parasitic infections?
A. Lymphocytes
B. Eosinophils ✅
C. Basophils
D. Neutrophils
344. What is characteristic of primary syphilis?
A. Painful chancre
B. Painless chancre ✅
C. Several painful ulcers in genital region
D. Several painless ulcers in genital region
345. __________ can recognize MHC I molecules.
A. B-lymphocyte
B. CD4 + lymphocyte
C. CD8 + T lymphocytes ✅
D. Monocytes
346. APCs can be all but which of the following?
A. B-cells
B. Dendritic cells
C. Macrophages
D. T-helper cells ✅
347. Light chains and heavy chains are joined by:
A. Covalent bond
B. Hydrogen bond
C. di-sulphide bond ✅
D. ionic bond
348. Which one of the following is NOT a structural chain in class I MHC?
A. Alpha-1
B. Alpha-2
C. Beta-1
D. Beta-2 ✅
349. Complement component C3 can be cleaved by:
A. C3b
B. C3bBb ✅
C. Factor B
D. Factor D
350. At what age does thymus reach its maximal size?
A. During the first year of life
B. Teenage years (puberty) ✅
C. Between 40 and 50 years of age
D. After 70 years of age
351. Which of following mediates an initial response to viral infections by the innate immune system?
A. Complement components
B. T and B lymphocytes
C. Cytokines
D. Interferons ✅
352. Which one is a messenger that mediates connection between the innate and adaptive immune systems?
A. Complement components
B. T and B lymphocytes
C. Cytokines ✅
D. Interferons
353. _______ are resident macrophages present in CNS.
A. Kupffer cells
B. Alveolar cells
C. Microglial cells ✅
D. Langerhans
354. If you were a neutrophil recruited to an anaerobic site to kill such a bacterium, which of the following substances would you most likely use?
A. IL-12
B. Nitric oxide ✅
C. Cathelicidin
D. Respiratory burst oxidase
355. Which of the following is a “pattern recognition receptor”?
A. BCR
B. Interleukin-1 receptor
C. Mannose receptor ✅
D. Fc receptor
356. A molecule that reacts with specific antibody but is not immunogenic by itself is called:
A. Carrier
B. Antigen
C. Hapten ✅
D. Immunogen
357. Lymphatic system and blood circulatory can be differentiated by:
A. Presence of pumping organ
B. Direction of fluid flow
C. Both ‘A’ & ‘B’ ✅
D. None of these
358. The initial complement component that is bound by complement-fixing antibodies is:
A. C1q ✅
B. C1s
C. C3b
D. C5a
359. The _____ immune system uses ____ as well as antigen recognition molecules and the ______ immune system uses ______ as well as molecules (e.g. interferons).
A. Adaptive; Phagocytes; Innate; Lymphocytes
B. Adaptive; Lymphocytes; Innate; Phagocytes ✅
C. Innate; Phagocytes; Adaptive; Lymphocytes
D. Innate; Lymphocytes; Adaptive; Phagocytes
360. Which of the following immune cells uses antibodies as membrane bound receptors?
A. T-helper cell
B. Cytotoxic T-cell
C. B-lymphocyte ✅
D. Macrophage
361. Which of the complement pathway among various pathways will activate first?
A. Classical pathway ✅
B. Alternate pathway
C. Lectin pathway
D. All act simultaneously
362. Which one of the following is NOT usually included in physical barriers?
A. Sweat glands
B. Salivary glands
C. Meibomian glands
D. Lacrimal glands ✅
363. Which of the following is NOT lymphoid tissue?
A. Thyroid gland ✅
B. Spleen
C. Lymph node
D. GALT
364. Toll-like receptors are proteins on ___________.
A. skin cells that provide barriers to infection
B. viruses that stimulate immune reactions
C. phagocytes that recognize foreign molecules ✅
D. lymphocytes that damage parasitic worms
365. ___________is NOT produced by phagocytes?
A. hydroxyl radical
B. superoxide anion
C. hydrogen peroxide
D. bradykinin ✅
366. _______ increases chemotaxis, phagocytosis & blood coagulation and serves as endogenous pyrogen.
A. Interferon gamma
B. Histamine
C. Prostaglandin
D. Tumor Necrosis Factor ✅
367. _________________ is an immune regulator of macrophage, B & T cells.
A. Interferon Alpha
B. Interferon Beta
C. Interferon Gamma ✅
D. All of these
368. T-cell antigen receptors are distinguished from antibodies by which of the following?
A. TCRs are glycosylated
B. TCRs cannot interact with free antigen ✅
C. T-Cell receptors bind various cytokines
D. T-Cell receptors bind complement to lyse cells
369. Which is LEAST likely to be involved in cell-mediated immunity?
A. Macrophage
B. Eosinophils
C. Antibodies ✅
D. T-lymphocytes
370. Which of the following can provide naturally acquired passive immunity for the new born?
A. IgA
B. IgG ✅
C. IgE
D. IgM
371. The major molecules responsible for rejection of transplant is:
A. Cytokine
B. Interferon
C. MHC molecule ✅
D. Antibodies
372. Self-renew and ability to differentiate into diverse cell types are two capacities of?
A. Pluripotent stem cell ✅
B. Adult stem cell
C. Immature blood cells
D. None of these
373. Which of the following pathogen can counter stomach pH and produce infection in stomach?
A. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
B. Campylobacter jejuni
C. Helicobacter pylori ✅
D. Salmonella typhi
374. Natural infection will produce__________ acquired immunity.
A. Natural passive
B. Artificial active
C. Natural active ✅
D. Artificial passive
375. Interferon is composed of:
A. Lipids
B. Lipoprotein
C. Glycoprotein ✅
D. Nucleic acid
376. Delayed type of hypersensitivity is seen in:
A. Penicillin allergy
B. Contact dermatitis ✅
C. Arthus reaction
D. Anaphylaxis
377. MHC class I is a cell surface molecule present on:
A. B cells
B. all nucleated cells ✅
C. APCs
D. T cells
378. MHC class II is a cell surface molecule present on:
A. B cells
B. all nucleated cells
C. APCs ✅
D. T cells
379. Humoral immunity involves all the following EXCEPT:
A. Tc cells ✅
B. B cells
C. Antibodies
D. Plasma cells
380. _______ is artificial passive acquired immunity.
A. γ-globulin injection ✅
B. Inactivated vaccine
C. Ingestion of colostrum
D. Having infection
381. Antibodies
A. are carbohydrates
B. are made from α & β chains
C. contain no CHOs
D. contain heavy & light chains ✅
382. B-lymphocytes are involved in
A. Humoral immunity ✅
B. Cell-mediated immunity
C. Active immunity
D. Passive immunity
383. Hybridoma technique is used for:
A. Monoclonal antibodies ✅
B. Polyclonal antibodies
C. Both “A” and “B”
D. None of these
384. Example for cell-mediated immunity is/are:
A. Tuberculin type ✅
B. Contact dermatitis
C. Granulomatous
D. All of these
385. In ______________ repair, first enzyme complex removes incorrect bases and second enzyme places with correct bases.
A. Light repair
B. Back mutation
C. Excision repair ✅
D. All of these
386. Antitoxin is used for _____ immunization.
A. Active
B. Passive ✅
C. Both “A” and “B”
D. None of these
387. The cell-mediated immune response is produced by:
A. B lymphocytes
B. T lymphocytes ✅
C. B & T lymphocytes
D. Endothelial cells
388. Antibodies are:
A. Glycoproteins ✅
B. Secreted by plasma cells
C. Produced in response to Ag
D. All of these
389. Virus mediated transfer of host DNA from one cell to another is known as:
A. Transduction ✅
B. Transformation
C. Conjugation
D. Integration
390. Acquirement and expression genetic material by eukaryotic cells from the environment is known as:
A. Transformation
B. DNA ligase
C. Transfection ✅
D. Transduction
391. Genes of a pathogen is inserted into a live carrier non-pathogen; recombinant expresses foreign genes:
A. Subunit vaccine
B. Killed vaccine
C. Trojan horse vaccine ✅
D. Acellular vaccine
392. Class II MHC proteins are:
A. Recognized by the CD8 protein
B. Used to mark a cell for killing by cytotoxic T-cells
C. Used to participate in helper function ✅
D. Not able to carry an antigen fragment
393. Active immunity can be induced by:
A. Toxoids ✅
B. Subclinical infection
C. Both “A” and “B”
D. Antitoxin
394. ________is the least abundant Igs in normal adult.
A. IgA
B. IgM
C. IgD ✅
D. IgG.
395. Which of following is most resistant to antiseptics?
A. Spore ✅
B. Prion
C. Cyst
D. Fungus
396. Which of the following is enrichment media?
A. Selenite F broth ✅
B. Chocolate media
C. Egg media
D. Meat extract media
397. ________ contains both DNA and RNA?
A. Plasmids
B. Bacteria
C. Prions ✅
D. Viroids
398. Gene mutation occurs at the time of:
A. DNA repair
B. DNA replication ✅
C. Translation
D. RNA transcription
399. All of the following can be part of innate immune responses EXCEPT:
A. B-cells ✅
B. Alternative pathway of complement system
C. Natural killer cells
D. Macrophages
400. The cellular immune response is mediated by:
A. B cells
B. T cell ✅
C. B & T cells
D. Endothelial cells
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