1301. Which of the following is subterranean water?
A. Atmospheric water
B. Surface water
C. Groundwater ✅
D. Rainwater
A. Atmospheric water
B. Surface water
C. Groundwater ✅
D. Rainwater
1302. _____ is produced by Streptomyces rimosus.
A. Chlortetracycline
B. Oxytetracycline
C. Tetracycline ✅
D. Doxycycline
A. Chlortetracycline
B. Oxytetracycline
C. Tetracycline ✅
D. Doxycycline
1303. Solutions of sodium hypochlorite of a 1% concentration are used for ______.
A. Sanitizing dairy equipment
B. Personal hygiene and a household disinfectant ✅
C. Household bleaches
D. Disinfecting open wounds
A. Sanitizing dairy equipment
B. Personal hygiene and a household disinfectant ✅
C. Household bleaches
D. Disinfecting open wounds
1304. Which was the first disease for which a chemotherapeutic agent was used?
A. Syphilis ✅
B. Malaria
C. Small pox
D. AIDS
A. Syphilis ✅
B. Malaria
C. Small pox
D. AIDS
1305. The antibiotic penicillin was discovered by which of the following researchers?
A. Emmerich and Low
B. Gratia and Dath
C. Alexander Flemming ✅
D. Robert Koch
A. Emmerich and Low
B. Gratia and Dath
C. Alexander Flemming ✅
D. Robert Koch
1306. Cell-wall biosynthesis is inhibited by antibiotics by inhibiting the biosynthesis of which of the following?
A. Lipopolysaccharide
B. Cellulose
C. Peptidoglycan ✅
D. Proteins
A. Lipopolysaccharide
B. Cellulose
C. Peptidoglycan ✅
D. Proteins
1307. Benzylpenicillin is the chemical name for which of the following penicillin?
A. Penicillin G ✅
B. Penicillin V
C. Penicillin F
D. Phenethicilin
A. Penicillin G ✅
B. Penicillin V
C. Penicillin F
D. Phenethicilin
1308. Streptomyces orientalis produces which of the following antibiotics?
A. Cephalosporins
B. Cycloserine ✅
C. Bacitracin
D. Vancomycin
A. Cephalosporins
B. Cycloserine ✅
C. Bacitracin
D. Vancomycin
1309. Polymyxin inhibits the growth of the microbes by carrying out which of the following actions?
A. Inhibition of cell-wall synthesis
B. Damage to cytoplasmic membrane ✅
C. Inhibition of nucleic acid and protein synthesis
D. Inhibition of specific enzyme systems
A. Inhibition of cell-wall synthesis
B. Damage to cytoplasmic membrane ✅
C. Inhibition of nucleic acid and protein synthesis
D. Inhibition of specific enzyme systems
1310. _________ are the diverse collection of organisms that live in large bodies of water and are unable to swim against a current.
A. Plankton ✅
B. Phytoplankton
C. Zooplankton
D. Mycoplankton
A. Plankton ✅
B. Phytoplankton
C. Zooplankton
D. Mycoplankton
1311. Which of the following techniques can be used to separate different-size fractions of the aquatic microbial community?
A. Submerged-slide technique
B. Fluorescent antibody technique
C. Membrane-filter technique ✅
D. By measuring biochemical activity
A. Submerged-slide technique
B. Fluorescent antibody technique
C. Membrane-filter technique ✅
D. By measuring biochemical activity
1312. In the high-temperature short-time (HTST) method of pasteurization, milk is exposed to a temperature of _________.
A. 32-degree C
B. 45-degree C
C. 63-degree C
D. 72-degree C ✅
A. 32-degree C
B. 45-degree C
C. 63-degree C
D. 72-degree C ✅
1313. Which of the following types of association is present among Staphylococcus aureus and Aspergillus terreous?
A. Antagonism ✅
B. Mutualism
C. Parasitism
D. Commensalism
A. Antagonism ✅
B. Mutualism
C. Parasitism
D. Commensalism
1314. Which of the following inhibits protein synthesis by combining with the 50S subunit ribosome?
A. Streptomycin
B. Tetracycline
C. Chloramphenicol ✅
D. Penicillin
A. Streptomycin
B. Tetracycline
C. Chloramphenicol ✅
D. Penicillin
1315. Which of the following is the most accurate method for microbial assay of antibiotics?
A. Physical assay
B. Chemical assay
C. Biological assay ✅
D. Chemical and biological assay
A. Physical assay
B. Chemical assay
C. Biological assay ✅
D. Chemical and biological assay
1316. Pigs respond dramatically to the addition of which of the following antibiotics to their diet?
A. Bacitracin ✅
B. Polymyxin
C. Penicillin
D. Oxytetracycline
A. Bacitracin ✅
B. Polymyxin
C. Penicillin
D. Oxytetracycline
1317. Which of the following antibiotic have a sparing effect on the B12 in the diet?
A. Streptomycin
B. Tetracycline
C. Polymyxin
D. Chloramphenicol ✅
A. Streptomycin
B. Tetracycline
C. Polymyxin
D. Chloramphenicol ✅
1318. Lytic enzymes which destroy are secreted by which of the following microorganism?
A. Fungi
B. Algae
C. Staphylococcus
D. Myxobacteria ✅
A. Fungi
B. Algae
C. Staphylococcus
D. Myxobacteria ✅
1319. Streptomycin is produced by which of the following organisms?
A. Streptomyces noursei
B. Streptomyces nodosus
C. Streptomyces fradiae
D. Streptomyces griseus ✅
A. Streptomyces noursei
B. Streptomyces nodosus
C. Streptomyces fradiae
D. Streptomyces griseus ✅
1320. ______ is a symbiotic nitrogen fixing bacteria.
A. Rhizobium ✅
B. Clostridium
C. Azotobacter.
D. Staphylococcus
A. Rhizobium ✅
B. Clostridium
C. Azotobacter.
D. Staphylococcus
1321. In carbon cycle flow of energy is ________.
A. Bidirectional
B. Linear
C. Cyclic ✅
D. Irreversible
A. Bidirectional
B. Linear
C. Cyclic ✅
D. Irreversible
1322. Acycloguanosine is a nucleoside analog which is active against ___________________.
A. Influenza A virus
B. HIV virus
C. Herpes virus ✅
D. Influenza B virus
A. Influenza A virus
B. HIV virus
C. Herpes virus ✅
D. Influenza B virus
1323. Which of the following has its antiviral action attributed to interference of protein synthesis?
A. Amantadine
B. Interferons ✅
C. Acycloguanosine
D. Bacteriocin
A. Amantadine
B. Interferons ✅
C. Acycloguanosine
D. Bacteriocin
1324. Which of the following is effective in the control of tuberculosis in humans?
A. Nitrofurans
B. Nalidixic Acid
C. Sibromycin
D. Isoniazid ✅
A. Nitrofurans
B. Nalidixic Acid
C. Sibromycin
D. Isoniazid ✅
1325. Anthramycin is which of the following type of antibiotic?
A. Antiviral
B. Antitumor ✅
C. Antifungal
D. Antibacterial
A. Antiviral
B. Antitumor ✅
C. Antifungal
D. Antibacterial
1326. Pasteurization of milk takes place at _______.
A. 55oC
B. 37oC
C. 63oC ✅
D. 45oC
A. 55oC
B. 37oC
C. 63oC ✅
D. 45oC
1327. What will be plate count of good quality water?
A. 10 per ml ✅
B. 50 per ml
C. 100 per ml
D. 1000 per ml
A. 10 per ml ✅
B. 50 per ml
C. 100 per ml
D. 1000 per ml
1328. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a chemotherapeutic agent?
A. Low toxicity for host cells
B. High toxicity for the parasites
C. Less penetrating power ✅
D. Does not affect the host’s natural defense mechanism
A. Low toxicity for host cells
B. High toxicity for the parasites
C. Less penetrating power ✅
D. Does not affect the host’s natural defense mechanism
1329. ___ inhibitory toxic product is produced by fungi.
A. Cyanide
B. Fatty acids ✅
C. Methane
D. Sulphides
A. Cyanide
B. Fatty acids ✅
C. Methane
D. Sulphides
1330. Which of the following comes under the category of positive association?
A. Neutralism
B. Parasitism
C. Commensalism ✅
D. Ammensalism
A. Neutralism
B. Parasitism
C. Commensalism ✅
D. Ammensalism
1331. Which of the following organisms are known to grow on the surfaces of freshly exposed rocks?
A. Green algae
B. Diatoms
C. Cyanobacteria ✅
D. Yeast
A. Green algae
B. Diatoms
C. Cyanobacteria ✅
D. Yeast
1332. The transformation of nitrates to gaseous nitrogen is known as ___________.
A. Ammonification
B. Nitrification
C. Reduction of nitrate to ammonia
D. Denitrification ✅
A. Ammonification
B. Nitrification
C. Reduction of nitrate to ammonia
D. Denitrification ✅
1333. Which of the following conditions decreases the level of denitrification?
A. Abundance of organic matter
B. Acidic pH
C. Elevated temperatures
D. Availability of oxygen ✅
A. Abundance of organic matter
B. Acidic pH
C. Elevated temperatures
D. Availability of oxygen ✅
1334. Green plants and _______ are the most important agents of carbon dioxide fixation.
A. Bacteria
B. Fungi
C. Algae ✅
D. Protozoa
A. Bacteria
B. Fungi
C. Algae ✅
D. Protozoa
1335. Fresh air contains approximately ______ percent carbon dioxide by volume.
A. 0.001
B. 2
C. 5
D. 0.03 ✅
A. 0.001
B. 2
C. 5
D. 0.03 ✅
1336. Cellulose is degraded to cellobiose by ________.
A. Cellulase
B. Beta-glucosidase ✅
C. Hexokinase
D. Cellulose dehydrogenase
A. Cellulase
B. Beta-glucosidase ✅
C. Hexokinase
D. Cellulose dehydrogenase
1337. The surface water is susceptible to contamination with microorganisms from ___________.
A. The air
B. The surface runoff
C. Precipitation
D. Atmospheric water and the surface runoff ✅
A. The air
B. The surface runoff
C. Precipitation
D. Atmospheric water and the surface runoff ✅
1338. Thermus aquaticus, a common bacterial inhabitant generally prevails in temperatures of ________.
A. 00oC to 05oC
B. 30 oC to 40 oC
C. 70 oC to 72 oC
D. 90 oC to 95oC ✅
A. 00oC to 05oC
B. 30 oC to 40 oC
C. 70 oC to 72 oC
D. 90 oC to 95oC ✅
1339. Primary producers are found growing in which of the following layers of water?
A. Upper layer ✅
B. Middle layer
C. Intermediate layer
D. Bottom layer
A. Upper layer ✅
B. Middle layer
C. Intermediate layer
D. Bottom layer
1340. The microorganisms from lakes and rivers can grow at a salt concentration of _________.
A. 2.5 to 4 percent
B. 5 percent
C. Below 1 percent ✅
D. Above 1 percent
A. 2.5 to 4 percent
B. 5 percent
C. Below 1 percent ✅
D. Above 1 percent
1341. Which among the following is a gas producer?
A. Streptococcus lactis
B. Lactobacillus fermentum ✅
C. Micrococcus luteus
D. Clostridium butyricum
A. Streptococcus lactis
B. Lactobacillus fermentum ✅
C. Micrococcus luteus
D. Clostridium butyricum
1342. Which of the following compounds are required for growth of saprophytic bacteria and fungi?
A. Organic compounds ✅
B. Nitrates
C. Phosphates
D. Mercury
A. Organic compounds ✅
B. Nitrates
C. Phosphates
D. Mercury
1343. The moisture contained in clouds and precipitated as snow, hail, rain etc. constitutes ___________.
A. Atmospheric water ✅
B. Surface water
C. Groundwater
D. Subterranean water
A. Atmospheric water ✅
B. Surface water
C. Groundwater
D. Subterranean water
1344. Which of the following genus of bacteria is NOT found in fresh waters?
A. Pseudomonas
B. Flavobacterium
C. Aeromonas
D. Vibrio ✅
A. Pseudomonas
B. Flavobacterium
C. Aeromonas
D. Vibrio ✅
1345. _____ form of water is the most contaminated.
A. Underground water
B. Rainwater
C. Surface water ✅
D. Water stored in ice caps
A. Underground water
B. Rainwater
C. Surface water ✅
D. Water stored in ice caps
1346. Alum is used for which of the following purification process?
A. Sedimentation ✅
B. Filtration
C. Disinfection
D. Ozonation
A. Sedimentation ✅
B. Filtration
C. Disinfection
D. Ozonation
1347. The coliform group of bacteria includes all the __________________ bacilli.
A. Aerobic
B. Anaerobic
C. Aerobic, non-sporulating
D. Aerobic, Gram-negative, non-sporulating ✅
A. Aerobic
B. Anaerobic
C. Aerobic, non-sporulating
D. Aerobic, Gram-negative, non-sporulating ✅
1348. Which of the following organism does not belong to coliform group of bacteria?
A. Salmonella ✅
B. Klebsiella
C. Enterobacter
D. Proteus
A. Salmonella ✅
B. Klebsiella
C. Enterobacter
D. Proteus
1349. Among the following which microorganism acts as a representative of fecal streptococci group?
A. Streptococcus faecalis
B. Streptococcus bovis
C. Streptococcus equinus
D. Streptococcus faecium ✅
A. Streptococcus faecalis
B. Streptococcus bovis
C. Streptococcus equinus
D. Streptococcus faecium ✅
1350. Which of the following sewerage systems carry domestic and industrial wastewater?
A. Sanitary sewers
B. Storm sewers
C. Combined sewers ✅
D. Storm and combined sewers
A. Sanitary sewers
B. Storm sewers
C. Combined sewers ✅
D. Storm and combined sewers
1351. In which of the following treatment involve oxidation of organic constituents of the wastewater?
A. Primary treatment
B. Secondary treatment ✅
C. Advanced treatment
D. Final treatment
A. Primary treatment
B. Secondary treatment ✅
C. Advanced treatment
D. Final treatment
1352. Acetic acid and lactic acid are used for _________.
A. Curing meats
B. Preservation of color
C. Preservation of pickles ✅
D. Inhibiting mold growth
A. Curing meats
B. Preservation of color
C. Preservation of pickles ✅
D. Inhibiting mold growth
1353. Microbial inhabitants of the bottom region of a body of water are referred to as _________.
A. Phytoplankton
B. Benthic organisms ✅
C. Zooplankton
D. Mycoplankton
A. Phytoplankton
B. Benthic organisms ✅
C. Zooplankton
D. Mycoplankton
1354. The upper region of the trickling filter is favorable for the growth of _____________.
A. Fungi
B. Protozoa
C. Algae ✅
D. Bacteria
A. Fungi
B. Protozoa
C. Algae ✅
D. Bacteria
1355. Which of the following gases are produced in large amounts during sludge digestion?
A. Methane ✅
B. Carbon-dioxide
C. Hydrogen
D. Nitrogen
A. Methane ✅
B. Carbon-dioxide
C. Hydrogen
D. Nitrogen
1356. Which of the following organism occurs on the skin of fresh poultry?
A. Pseudomonads ✅
B. Staphylococci
C. Micrococci
D. Enterococci
A. Pseudomonads ✅
B. Staphylococci
C. Micrococci
D. Enterococci
1357. Which among following group of microorganisms are found in the ducts of cow’s mammary glands?
A. Coliforms
B. Lactobacilli
C. Micrococci ✅
D. Mycobacteria
A. Coliforms
B. Lactobacilli
C. Micrococci ✅
D. Mycobacteria
1358. The coloration of the milk is caused by which of the following organism?
A. Pseudomonas sp.
B. Bacillus sp.
C. Penicillium sp. ✅
D. Streptococcus sp.
A. Pseudomonas sp.
B. Bacillus sp.
C. Penicillium sp. ✅
D. Streptococcus sp.
1359. Which of the following type of spoilage occurs in fresh meat?
A. Souring
B. Greening
C. Putrefaction ✅
D. Moldy
A. Souring
B. Greening
C. Putrefaction ✅
D. Moldy
1360. Spoilage of bread is caused by which of the following microorganism?
A. Saccharomyces
B. Rhizopus ✅
C. Leuconostoc
D. Pseudomonas
A. Saccharomyces
B. Rhizopus ✅
C. Leuconostoc
D. Pseudomonas
1361. Temperatures used for canning foods ranges from:
A. 0-20-degree C
B. 20-60-degree C
C. 60-100-degree C
D. 100-121-degree C ✅
A. 0-20-degree C
B. 20-60-degree C
C. 60-100-degree C
D. 100-121-degree C ✅
1362. ____ microorganism survive at -9 to -17-degree C?
A. Salmonella
B. Staphylococcus
C. Bacillus ✅
D. Clostridium
A. Salmonella
B. Staphylococcus
C. Bacillus ✅
D. Clostridium
1363. Which of the following microorganism should be eliminated in canned foods?
A. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
B. Coxiella burnetii
C. Clostridium botulinum ✅
D. Lactobacillus
A. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
B. Coxiella burnetii
C. Clostridium botulinum ✅
D. Lactobacillus
1364. Phosphatase enzyme present in milk is destroyed in which of the following processes?
A. Sterilization
B. Canning
C. Dehydration
D. Pasteurization ✅
A. Sterilization
B. Canning
C. Dehydration
D. Pasteurization ✅
1365. Which of the following microbe is used in the production of blue cheese?
A. Streptococcus thermophilus
B. Lactobacillus bulgaricus
C. Penicillium roqueforti ✅
D. Rhizopus stolonifer
A. Streptococcus thermophilus
B. Lactobacillus bulgaricus
C. Penicillium roqueforti ✅
D. Rhizopus stolonifer
1366. Bacterial cell grown on hydrocarbon wastes from the petroleum industry are a source of ________.
A. Carbohydrates
B. Proteins ✅
C. Vitamins
D. Fats
A. Carbohydrates
B. Proteins ✅
C. Vitamins
D. Fats
1367. _____ microorganism have a high vitamin content.
A. Bacteria
B. Yeast ✅
C. Algae
D. Protozoa
A. Bacteria
B. Yeast ✅
C. Algae
D. Protozoa
1368. Shredded cabbage is the starting product for which of the following fermented food?
A. Sauerkraut ✅
B. Pickles
C. Green olives
D. Sausage
A. Sauerkraut ✅
B. Pickles
C. Green olives
D. Sausage
1369. _____ product utilizes whey as its raw material.
A. Lactic acid
B. Acetic acid
C. Glutamic acid
D. Lysine ✅
A. Lactic acid
B. Acetic acid
C. Glutamic acid
D. Lysine ✅
1370. Which of the following is NOT a desired characteristic of the organism to be used for industrial application?
A. Should be readily available
B. Should grow rapidly
C. Should produce less amount of product ✅
D. Should be nonpathogenic
A. Should be readily available
B. Should grow rapidly
C. Should produce less amount of product ✅
D. Should be nonpathogenic
1371. Solvents and enzymes are found in which of the following categories of microbial products?
A. Pharmaceutical chemicals
B. Commercially valuable chemicals ✅
C. Food supplements
D. Alcoholic beverages
A. Pharmaceutical chemicals
B. Commercially valuable chemicals ✅
C. Food supplements
D. Alcoholic beverages
1372. Which of the following enzymes cut the DNA molecule at particular nucleotide sequence?
A. Restriction endonuclease ✅
B. Exonuclease
C. Ligase
D. Polymerase
A. Restriction endonuclease ✅
B. Exonuclease
C. Ligase
D. Polymerase
1373. ______ is used for the treatment of blood clots?
A. Insulin
B. Interferon
C. Urokinase ✅
D. Somatostatin
A. Insulin
B. Interferon
C. Urokinase ✅
D. Somatostatin
1374. ______ is used to inhibit mold growth in bread.
A. Benzoic acid
B. Nitrates
C. Sorbic acid ✅
D. Lactic acid
A. Benzoic acid
B. Nitrates
C. Sorbic acid ✅
D. Lactic acid
1375. VP3 protein is isolated from:
A. TMV
B. HIV
C. HRV
D. FMDV ✅
A. TMV
B. HIV
C. HRV
D. FMDV ✅
1376. Which of the following carbohydrates are mainly present in whey?
A. Glucose
B. Lactose ✅
C. Fructose
D. Sucrose
A. Glucose
B. Lactose ✅
C. Fructose
D. Sucrose
1377. What temperature is necessary for the production of vinegar?
A. 43-degree C
B. 60-degree C
C. 10-13-degree C
D. 15-34-degree C ✅
A. 43-degree C
B. 60-degree C
C. 10-13-degree C
D. 15-34-degree C ✅
1378. Diaminopimelic acid (DAP) is produced by which of the following microorganism?
A. E. coli
B. Enterobacter aerogenes
C. Bacillus subtilis ✅
D. Streptococcus equisimilis
A. E. coli
B. Enterobacter aerogenes
C. Bacillus subtilis ✅
D. Streptococcus equisimilis
1379. Insulin was isolated from which of the following organs of animals?
A. Small intestine
B. Tongue
C. Pancreas ✅
D. Stomach
A. Small intestine
B. Tongue
C. Pancreas ✅
D. Stomach
1380. Which among the following are NOT used as raw materials for alcohol production?
A. Corn
B. Molasses
C. Whey
D. Grapes ✅
A. Corn
B. Molasses
C. Whey
D. Grapes ✅
1381. What is the pH required for production of baker’s yeast?
A. 1 to 2
B. 4 to 5 ✅
C. 7 to 8
D. 10 to 12
A. 1 to 2
B. 4 to 5 ✅
C. 7 to 8
D. 10 to 12
1382. The leavening or rising of dough is due to which of the following gases?
A. Oxygen
B. Carbon dioxide ✅
C. Hydrogen
D. Sulphur dioxide
A. Oxygen
B. Carbon dioxide ✅
C. Hydrogen
D. Sulphur dioxide
1383. Which of the following instrument is used for recovery of yeast cells?
A. Fermenter
B. Centrifuge ✅
C. Filter press
D. Mash storage
A. Fermenter
B. Centrifuge ✅
C. Filter press
D. Mash storage
1384. Which of the following product is used as a food condiment?
A. Baker’s yeast
B. Ethanol
C. Wine
D. Soy sauce ✅
A. Baker’s yeast
B. Ethanol
C. Wine
D. Soy sauce ✅
1385. Gluconic acid is produced by which of the following molds?
A. Aspergillus niger ✅
B. Rhizopus nigricans
C. Aspergillus terreus
D. Rhizopus oryzae
A. Aspergillus niger ✅
B. Rhizopus nigricans
C. Aspergillus terreus
D. Rhizopus oryzae
1386. Fermentation of rice is carried out by which of the following microorganisms?
A. Bacteria
B. Yeasts ✅
C. Molds
D. Protozoa
A. Bacteria
B. Yeasts ✅
C. Molds
D. Protozoa
1387. Which of the following techniques is used to improve penicillin production?
A. Fed-batch fermentation ✅
B. Submerged-culture technique
C. Continuous fermentation
D. Batch fermentation
A. Fed-batch fermentation ✅
B. Submerged-culture technique
C. Continuous fermentation
D. Batch fermentation
1388. Which of the following product acts as a substrate for the production of citric acid?
A. Molasses ✅
B. Corn-steep liquor
C. Barn
D. Soyabeen meal
A. Molasses ✅
B. Corn-steep liquor
C. Barn
D. Soyabeen meal
1389. Which of the following enzymes is used to hydrolyze starch to dextrin?
A. Invertase
B. Pectinase
C. Amylase ✅
D. Protease
A. Invertase
B. Pectinase
C. Amylase ✅
D. Protease
1390. Which of the following enzyme is used in the process of bating?
A. Invertase
B. Pectinase
C. Amylase
D. Protease ✅
A. Invertase
B. Pectinase
C. Amylase
D. Protease ✅
1391. Invertase causes hydrolysis of ___________.
A. Starch
B. Sucrose ✅
C. Proteins
D. Pectins
A. Starch
B. Sucrose ✅
C. Proteins
D. Pectins
1392. Rhizopus nigricans produces which of the following products?
A. Citric acid
B. Fumaric acid
C. Gibberellic acid ✅
D. Lactic acid
A. Citric acid
B. Fumaric acid
C. Gibberellic acid ✅
D. Lactic acid
1393. Which is the functional unit of inheritance?
A. DNA
B. Chromosome
C. Gene ✅
D. RNA
A. DNA
B. Chromosome
C. Gene ✅
D. RNA
1394. Populations of cells descending from a single cell are known as ____________.
A. Mutants
B. Clones ✅
C. Wild-type cells
D. Parent cell
A. Mutants
B. Clones ✅
C. Wild-type cells
D. Parent cell
1395. The replacement of a purine by a pyrimidine or vice versa is known as ____________.
A. Transversion
B. Transition ✅
C. Base-pair substitution
D. Missense mutation
A. Transversion
B. Transition ✅
C. Base-pair substitution
D. Missense mutation
1396. Sickle cell anemia is which type of mutation?
A. Nonsense mutation
B. Missense mutation ✅
C. Deletion mutation
D. Insertion mutation
A. Nonsense mutation
B. Missense mutation ✅
C. Deletion mutation
D. Insertion mutation
1397. Which of the following mutations result in frameshift mutation?
A. Missense mutation
B. Transition
C. Transversion
D. Insertion ✅
A. Missense mutation
B. Transition
C. Transversion
D. Insertion ✅
1398. Which of the following mutagen causes a break in the phosphodiester backbone of the nucleic acid?
A. UV light
B. X-rays ✅
C. Nitrous acid
D. Base analogs
A. UV light
B. X-rays ✅
C. Nitrous acid
D. Base analogs
1399. Photoreactivation can cause repair of DNA damaged by which of the following mutagens?
A. UV rays ✅
B. X-rays
C. Nitrous acid
D. Base analogs
A. UV rays ✅
B. X-rays
C. Nitrous acid
D. Base analogs
1400. Which of the following enzyme is used to join the DNA fragments together?
A. Polymerases
B. Exonuclease
C. Endonuclease
D. Ligase ✅
A. Polymerases
B. Exonuclease
C. Endonuclease
D. Ligase ✅
