Quiz Answers
- All of the following are usually found in Hgb C disease except:
- a. Hgb C crystals
- b. Target cells
- c. Lysine substituted for glutamic acid at the sixth position of the B-chain
- d. Fast mobility of Hgb C at pH 8.6 ✅
- Which of the following hemoglobins migrates to the same position as Hgb A2 at pH 8.6?
- a. Hgb H
- b. Hgb F
- c. Hgb C ✅
- d. Hgb S
- Which of the following electrophoretic results is consistent with a diagnosis of sickle cell trait?
- a. Hgb A: 40% Hgb S: 35% Hgb F: 5%
- b. Hgb A: 60% Hgb S: 40% Hgb A2: 2% ✅
- c. Hgb A: 0% Hgb A2: 5% Hgb F: 95%
- d. Hgb A: 80% Hgb S: 10% Hgb A2: 10%
- In which of the following conditions will autosplenectomy most likely occur?
- a. Thalassemia major
- b. Hgb C disease
- c. Hgb SC disease
- d. Sickle cell disease ✅
- Which of the following is most true about paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)?
- a. It is an acquired hemolytic anemia ✅
- b. It is inherited as a sex-linked trait
- c. It is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait
- d. It is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait
- Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is characterized by all of the following except:
- a. Hemorrhage
- b. Thrombocytopenia
- c. Hemoglobinuria
- d. Reticulocytopenia ✅
- An autohemolysis test is positive in all the following areas except:
- a. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency
- b. Hereditary spherocytosis
- c. Pyruvate kinase deficiency
- d. Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria ✅
- Which antibody is associated with paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (PCH)?
- a. Anti-I
- b. Anti-i
- c. Anti-M
- d. Anti-P ✅
- All of the following are associated with hemolytic anemia except:
- a. Methemoglobinemia
- b. Hemoglobinuria
- c. Hemoglobinemia
- d. Increased haptoglobin ✅
- Autoimmune hemolytic anemia is best characterized by which of the following?
- a. Increased levels of plasma C3
- b. Spherocytic red cells ✅
- c. Decreased osmotic fragility
- d. Decreased unconjugated bilirubin
- “Bite cells” are usually seen in patients with:
- a. Rh null trait
- b. Chronic granulomatous disease
- c. G6PD deficiency ✅
- d. PK deficiency
- The morphological classification of anemias is based on which of the following:
- a. M:E ratio
- b. Prussian blue stain
- c. RBC indices ✅
- d. Reticulocyte count
- Which of the following is a common finding in aplastic anemia?
- a. A monoclonal disorder
- b. Tumor infiltration
- c. Peripheral blood pancytopenia ✅
- d. Defective DNA synthesis
- Congenital dyserythropoietic anemias (CDAs) are characterized by:
- a. Bizarre multinucleated erythroblasts ✅
- b. Cytogenetic disorders
- c. Megaloblastic erythropoiesis
- d. An elevated M:E ratio
- Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia is characterized by:
- a. Target cells and cabot rings
- b. Toxic granulation and Dohle bodies
- c. Pappenheimer bodies and basophilic stippling
- d. Schistocytes and nucleated RBCs ✅
- Which antibiotics are most often implicated in the development of aplastic anemia?
- a. Sulfonamides
- b. Penicillin
- c. Tetracycline
- d. Chloramphenicol ✅
- Sickle cell disorders are:
- a. Hereditary, intracorpuscular RBC defect ✅
- b. Hereditary, extracorpuscular RBC defect
- c. Acquired, intracorpuscular RBC defects
- d. Acquired, extracorpuscular RBC defects
- Which of the following conditions may produce spherocytes in a peripheral smear?
- a. Pelger-Huet anomaly
- b. Pernicious anemia
- c. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia ✅
- d. Sideroblastic anemia
- A patient’s peripheral smear reveals numerous NRBC’s marked variation of red cell morphology, and pronounced polychromasia. In addition to a decreased Hgb and decreased Hct values, what other CBC parameters may be anticipated?
- a. Reduced platelets
- b. Increased MCHC
- c. Increased MCV ✅
- d. Decreased red cell distribution width (RDW)
- What red cell inclusions may be seen in the peripheral blood smear of a patient postsplenectomy?
- a. Toxic granulation
- b. Howell-Jolly bodies ✅
- c. Malarial parasite
- d. Siderotic granules
- Reticulocytosis usually indicates:
- a. Response to inflammation
- b. Neoplastic process
- c. Aplastic anemia
- d. Red cell regeneration ✅
- Hereditary pyropoikilocytosis (HP) is a red cell membrane defect characterized by:
- a. Increased pencil-shaped cells
- b. Increased oval macrocytes
- c. Misshapen budding fragmented cells ✅
- d. Bite cells
- Following overnight fasting, hypoglycemia in adults is defined as glucose of:
- a. A <_70 mg/dl (<_3.9 mmol/L)
- b. B <_60 mg/dl (<3.3 mmol/L)
- c. C <_55 mg/dl (<_3.0 mmol/L)
- d. D <_45 mg/dl (<2.5 mmol/L) ✅
- The preparation of a patient for standard oral glucose tolerance testing should include:
- a. A high carbohydrate diet for 3 days ✅
- b. A low carbohydrate diet for 3 days
- c. Fasting for 48 hours prior to testing
- d. Bed rest for 3 days
- If a fasting glucose was 90 mg/dl, which of the following 2hr postprandial glucose results would most closely represent normal glucose metabolism?
- a. 55 mg/dl (3.0 mmol/L)
- b. 100 mg/dl (5.5 mmol/L) ✅
- c. 180 mg/dl (9.9 mmol/L)
- d. 260 mg/dl (14.3 mmol/L)
- A healthy person with a blood glucose of 80 mg/dl (4.4 mmol/L) would have a simultaneously determined cerebrospinal fluid glucose value of:
- a. 25 mg/dl (1.4 mmol/L)
- b. 50 mg/dl (2.3 mmol/L) ✅
- c. 100 mg/dl (5.5 mmol/L)
- d. 150 mg/dl (8.3 mmol/L)
- Cerebrospinal fluid for glucose assay should be:
- a. Refrigerated
- b. Analyzed immediately ✅
- c. Heated to 56 degrees Celsius
- d. Stored at room temperature
- Which of the following 2 hr postprandial glucose values demonstrates unequivocal hyperglycemia diagnostic for diabetes mellitus?
- a. 160 mg/dl (8.8 mmol/L)
- b. 170 mg/dl (9.4 mmol/L)
- c. 180 mg/dl (9.9 mmol/L)
- d. 200 mg/dl (11.1 mmol/L) ✅
- Serum levels that define hypoglycemia in pre-term or low birth weight infants are:
- a. The same as adults
- b. Lower than adults ✅
- c. The same as a normal full-term infant
- d. Higher than a normal full-term infant
- The conversion of glucose or other hexoses into lactate or pyruvate is called:
- a. Glycogenesis
- b. Glycolysis ✅
- c. Gluconeogenesis
- d. Glycogenolysis
- Which of the following values obtained during a glucose tolerance test are diagnostic of diabetes mellitus?
- a. 2hr specimen= 150 mg/dl
- b. Fasting plasma glucose= 126 mg/dl ✅
- c. Fasting plasma glucose= 110 mg/dl
- d. 2hr specimen = 180 mg/dl
- The glycated hemoglobin value represents the integrated values of glucose concentration during the preceding:
- a. 1-3 weeks
- b. 4-5 weeks
- c. 6-8 weeks ✅
- d. 16-20 weeks
- Monitoring long-term glucose control in patients with adult onset diabetes mellitus can best be accomplished by measuring:
- a. Weekly fasting 7am serum glucose
- b. Glucose tolerance testing
- c. 2hr postprandial serum glucose
- d. Hemoglobin A1c ✅
- The glycosylated hemoglobin levels in a hemolysate reflect the:
- a. Average blood glucose levels of the past 2-3 months ✅
- b. Average blood glucose levels for the past week
- c. Blood glucose level at the time the sample drawn
- d. Hemoglobin A1c level at the time the sample is drawn
- Which of the following hemoglobins has a glucose-6-phosphate on the amino-terminal valine of the beta chain:
- a. S
- b. C
- c. A2
- d. A1c ✅
- A person with hemolytic anemia will:
- a. Show a decrease in glycated hgb value ✅
- b. Show an increase in glycated hgb value
- c. Show little or no change in glycated hgb value
- d. Demonstrate an elevated hgb A1
- In using ion-exchange chromatographic methods, falsely increased levels of hgb A1c might be demonstrated in the presence of:
- a. Iron deficiency anemia
- b. Pernicious anemia
- c. Thalassemias
- d. Hgb S ✅
- An increase in serum acetone is indicative of a defect in the metabolism of:
- a. Carbohydrates ✅
- b. Fat
- c. Urea nitrogen
- d. Uric acid
- What is the best method to diagnose lactase deficiency?
- a. H2 breath test ✅
- b. Plasma adolase level
- c. LDH level
- d. D-xylose test
- The expected blood gas results for a patient in chronic renal failure would match the pattern of:
- a. Metabolic acidosis ✅
- b. Respiratory acidosis
- c. Metabolic alkalosis
- d. Respiratory alkalosis
- Severe diarrhea causes:
- a. Metabolic acidosis ✅
- b. Respiratory acidosis
- c. Metabolic alkalosis
- d. Respiratory alkalosis
- Factors that contribute to a PCO2 electrode requiring 60-120 seconds to reach equilibrium include the:
- a. Diffusion characteristics of the membrane ✅
- b. Actual blood pO2
- c. Type of calibrating standard (i.e., liquid or humidified gas)
- d. Potential of the polarizing mercury cell
- An emphysema patient suffering from fluid accumulation in the alveolar spaces is likely to be in what metabolic state?
- a. Respiratory acidosis ✅
- b. Respiratory alkalosis
- c. Metabolic acidosis
- d. Metabolic alkalosis
- At blood pH 7.40, what is the ratio of bicarbonate to carbonic acid?
- a. 15:1
- b. 20:1 ✅
- c. 25:1
- d. 30:1
- The reference range for the pH of arterial blood measured at 37 degrees Celsius is:
- a. 7.28-7.34
- b. 7.33-7.37
- c. 7.35-7.45 ✅
- d. 7.45-7.50
- Metabolic acidosis is described as a (n):
- a. Increase in CO2 content and PCO2 with a decreased pH ✅
- b. Decrease in CO2 content with an increased pH
- c. Increase in CO2 with an increased pH
- d. Decrease in CO2 content and PCO2 with a decreased pH
- A common cause of respiratory alkalosis is:
- a. Vomiting
- b. Starvation
- c. Asthma
- d. Hyperventilation ✅
- Acidosis and alkalosis are best defined as fluctuations in blood pH and CO2 content due to changes in:
- a. Bohr effect
- b. O2 content ✅
- c. Bicarbonate buffer
- d. Carbonic anhydrase
- Select the test which evaluates renal tubular function:
- a. IVP
- b. Creatinine clearance
- c. Osmolarity ✅
- d. Microscopic urinalysis
- The degree to which the kidney concentrates the glomerular filtrate can be determined by:
- a. Urine creatine
- b. Serum creatine
- c. Creatinine clearance
- d. Urine to serum osmolality ratio ✅
