Renal Tubular Disorders, Electrolyte Excretion, and Related Topics MCQs

31. Bartter’s syndrome is a congenital disorder wherein there is a defect in chloride absorption in the cortical part of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle and is characterized by the presence of:
    • A. Metabolic acidosis
    • B. Hypokalemia ✅
    • C. Hyporeninemic
    • D. Hypoaldosteronism


32. Which of the following renal tubular acidosis type and characteristic do not match?
    • A. Type 1 RTA: distal renal tubular acidosis
    • B. Type 2 RTA: proximal renal tubular acidosis
    • C. Type 3 RTA: impaired reabsorption of bicarbonate in the proximal tubule ✅
    • D. Type 4 RTA: found in patients with progressive renal failure


33. In adults, polyuria is associated with a urine volume >2.5 to 3L/24 hour or an excretion rate of greater than:
    • A. 5 mL per min
    • B. 2 mL per min ✅
    • C. 10 mL per min
    • D. 0.5 mL per min


34. In conditions with hyponatremia, the renal sodium excretion as well as the chloride excretion are a measure for the ECFV status. Accordingly:
    • A. Patients with hyponatremia and a decreased ECFV have renal sodium excretion of <20 mmol/L
    • B. Patients with hyponatremia and a normal ECFV have a renal sodium excretion of >20 mmol/L
    • C. Renally induced sodium losses are associated with excretion of >20 mmol/L.
    • D. All of these are correct ✅


35. This is a test for the determination of the excreted fraction of glomerularly filtered sodium and is a measure for the tubular absorption of sodium and an effective test for the differential diagnosis of acute, oliguric renal failure.
    • A. Anion gap
    • B. Fractional excretion of sodium ✅
    • C. Urine pH
    • D. Sodium-selective ISE


36. In hyperkalemia, a potassium excretion:
    • A. > 40 mmol/L is indicative of a renal cause
    • B. < 40 mmol/L is indicative of extrarenal cause
    • C. > 40 mmol/L is indicative of extrarenal cause ✅
    • D. < 40 mmol/L is indicative of renal and extrarenal cause


37. Which of the following is associated with Type IV RTA?
    • A. Plasma potassium: > 5.5, anion gap in urine positive, urine pH: <5.5 ✅
    • B. Plasma potassium: > normal, anion gap in urine positive, urine pH: >5.5
    • C. Plasma potassium: normal, anion gap in urine negative, urine pH: >5.5
    • D. Plasma potassium: normal, anion gap in urine positive, urine pH: <5.5


38. Which of the following is associated with type 1 RTA?
    • A. Plasma potassium: > 5.5, anion gap in urine positive, urine pH: <5.5
    • B. Plasma potassium: > normal, anion gap in urine positive, urine pH: >5.5 ✅
    • C. Plasma potassium: normal, anion gap in urine negative, urine pH: >5.5
    • D. Plasma potassium: normal, anion gap in urine positive, urine pH: <5.5


39. Which of the following is associated with gastrointestinal bicarbonate loss and high urinary ammonia excretion?
    • A. Plasma potassium: > 5.5, anion gap in urine positive, urine pH: <5.5
    • B. Plasma potassium: > normal, anion gap in urine positive, urine pH: >5.5
    • C. Plasma potassium: normal, anion gap in urine negative, urine pH: >5.5 ✅
    • D. Plasma potassium: normal, anion gap in urine positive, urine pH: <5.5


40. Which of the following is associated with interstitial renal disease?
    • A. Plasma potassium: > 5.5, anion gap in urine positive, urine pH: <5.5
    • B. Plasma potassium: > normal, anion gap in urine positive, urine pH: >5.5
    • C. Plasma potassium: normal, anion gap in urine negative, urine pH: >5.5
    • D. Plasma potassium: normal, anion gap in urine positive, urine pH: <5.5 ✅