Renal Function, Electrolytes, and Related Topics MCQs
- This is also called the renal phosphorous threshold which describes the maximal phosphate concentration in the glomerular filtrate below which all of the filtered phosphate is reabsorbed in the tubules.
- A. TRF%
- B. Ccr
- C. TmP ✅
- D. Cp
- Transcellular fluid constitutes how much percentage of the total body water?
- A. 7.5%
- B. 15% ✅
- C. 20%
- D. 45%
- Interstitial fluid constitutes how much percentage of the total body water?
- A. 7.5%
- B. 15%
- C. 20% ✅
- D. 45%
- The extracellular fluid volume is directly dependent on total body:
- A. Sodium ✅
- B. Phosphate
- C. Calcium
- D. Potassium
- The regulatory systems of the water balance between the ICF and ECF also referred to as tonicity are:
- 1. ADH concentration in plasma
- 2. Thirst and water intake
- 3. Renal capacity
- 4. Urea concentration in plasma
- A. Only 1 and 3 are correct
- B. Only 2 and 4 are correct
- C. Only 1, 2, and 3 are correct ✅
- D. 1, 2, 3, and 4 are correct
- An ECFV decline by >5% causes a reversible decrease in renal blood flow. This results in:
- 1. The reduction of GFR
- 2. Increase in the secretion of ADH
- 3. The activation of the rennin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
- 4. A rise in the filtration fraction.
- A. Only 1 and 3 are correct
- B. Only 2 and 4 are correct
- C. Only 1, 2, and 3 are correct
- D. 1, 2, 3, and 4 are correct ✅
- Prerenal acute renal failure is associated with:
- 1. Oliguria and a urine osmolality of >600mosmol/kg water
- 2. A disproportional increase of urea as compared to creatinine in plasma
- 3. A urinary sodium concentration of <10mmol/L
- 4. A reduction of the fractional sodium excretion to <1%
- A. Only 1 and 3 are correct
- B. Only 2 and 4 are correct
- C. Only 1, 2, and 3 are correct
- D. 1, 2, 3, and 4 are correct ✅
- The reference method for sodium and potassium ions:
- A. Flame photometry ✅
- B. Potentiometry
- C. Ion Selective Electrode
- D. Enzymatic-spectrophotometric
- Which of the following conditions is not associated with hyponatremia?
- A. Renal tubular acidosis
- B. Congestive heart failure
- C. Salt-losing nephritis
- D. Diabetes insipidus ✅
- Which of the following conditions is associated with hyponatremia with an ECFV excess and high total body sodium?
- A. Liver cirrhosis ✅
- B. Pancreatitis
- C. Hypothyroidism
- D. Salt-losing nephritis
- The end color in mercurimetric titration method for chloride using diphenylcarbazone as indicator.
- A. Green
- B. Blue
- C. Purple ✅
- D. Red
- The chloride ions react with mercuric thiocyanate which together with iron ions forms what color of complex products?
- A. Green
- B. Blue
- C. Purple
- D. Red ✅
- The anion gap in the plasma or serum refers to the difference between the most prevalent cations and anions. It is calculated according to this equation:
- A. Anion gap = sodium – chloride – bicarbonate ✅
- B. Anion gap = potassium + sodium – chloride
- C. Anion gap = sodium – potassium – chloride
- D. Anion gap = sodium – chloride
- The sodium concentration in erythrocytes is one tenth of that in plasma. Given, a preexisting sodium concentration of 140 mmol/L, a hemolysis of 5g/L cause a decrease in concentration of:
- A. 0.2%
- B. 0.4% ✅
- C. 0.5%
- D. 1.2%
- What is the end color in the determination of chloride using mercury thiocyanate?
- A. Purple
- B. Yellow
- C. Red ✅
- D. Blue
