MCQ Test
751. Rubber catheters are best sterilized by:
A. Formalin vapor
B. Glutaraldehyde
C. Gamma radiation
D. Autoclaving
752. Which of the following is highly sensitive to heat?
A. Staphylococcus
B. Pseudomonas
C. Clostridia
D. Treponema
753. Soiled dressings are destroyed by:
A. Hot air oven
B. Autoclaving
C. Boiling
D. Incineration
754. Spores of which of the following are used as a microbiological test of dry heat efficiency:
A. Toxigenic strains of E. coli
B. Toxigenic strains of Clostridium tetani
C. Non-toxigenic strains of Clostridium tetani
D. Non-toxigenic strains of Proteus
755. The following is the direct stain for capsule:
A. Fleming’s Nigrosin method
B. Dry India ink film method
C. Welch method
D. Both “A” and “B”
756. The major mechanism of the lethal effect of UV light on bacteria is attributed to its effect on:
A. Ribosome
B. Lysosome
C. Mesosome
D. DNA
757. Koch’s old tuberculin is preserved in:
A. 70% formalin
B. 50% glycerine
C. 2% phenol
D. Absolute alcohol
758. “Turbidity test” for milk is used to detect its:
A. Pasteurization
B. Sterilization
C. Contamination
D. Lactobacillus contents
759. Microorganisms can be phagocytosed after:
A. Opsonization
B. Hydrolysis
C. Cytolysis
D. Ingestion
760. The colors of acid fast and non-acid fast bacteria are respectively:
A. Blue, red
B. Red, blue
C. Red, black
D. Black, purple
761. In Albert’s staining, the volutin granules are stained _______ against a _______ background:
A. Bluish black, green
B. Green, bluish black
C. Red, blue
D. Black, yellow
762. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of viruses?
A. They are prokaryotic
B. They contain genetic material
C. They are acellular
D. They require a host to replicate
763. Which of the following pathogens is associated with food poisoning from undercooked poultry?
A. E. coli
B. Salmonella
C. Listeria
D. Staphylococcus aureus
764. The primary role of phagocytes is to:
A. Produce antibodies
B. Destroy pathogens
C. Induce inflammation
D. Activate T cells
765. The antibiotic penicillin works by:
A. Inhibiting protein synthesis
B. Disrupting cell wall synthesis
C. Inhibiting nucleic acid synthesis
D. Disrupting metabolic pathways
766. Which of the following is the causative agent of syphilis?
A. Treponema pallidum
B. Neisseria gonorrhoeae
C. Chlamydia trachomatis
D. Mycoplasma genitalium
767. The normal flora of the human gut primarily consists of:
A. Viruses
B. Fungi
C. Bacteria
D. Protozoa
768. The clinical presentation of bacterial meningitis usually includes:
A. Fever
B. Headache
C. Stiff neck
D. All of the above
769. Which of the following is a common method of diagnosing streptococcal pharyngitis?
A. Throat culture
B. Blood culture
C. Urinalysis
D. Chest X-ray
770. The primary component of the influenza virus is:
A. DNA
B. RNA
C. Protein
D. Lipid
771. The process by which bacteria divide is called:
A. Binary fission
B. Mitosis
C. Budding
D. Conjugation
772. The following organism is known to cause 'walking pneumonia':
A. Mycoplasma pneumoniae
B. Streptococcus pneumoniae
C. Haemophilus influenzae
D. Legionella pneumophila
773. The enzyme that breaks down hydrogen peroxide in bacteria is:
A. Catalase
B. Peroxidase
C. Oxidase
D. Superoxide dismutase
774. The bacterial genus that includes pathogens known for causing gastrointestinal disease is:
A. Bacillus
B. Clostridium
C. Streptococcus
D. Staphylococcus
775. A common method of preserving bacterial cultures is:
A. Freezing
B. Lyophilization
C. Autoclaving
D. Boiling
776. Which of the following bacteria is known for producing a toxin that inhibits protein synthesis?
A. E. coli
B. Staphylococcus aureus
C. Streptococcus pneumoniae
D. Clostridium difficile
777. The bacterium responsible for causing anthrax is:
A. Bacillus cereus
B. Bacillus anthracis
C. Clostridium botulinum
D. Staphylococcus aureus
778. The primary mode of transmission for HIV is:
A. Airborne
B. Fecal-oral
C. Sexual contact
D. Vector-borne
779. Which of the following viruses is known to cause gastroenteritis?
A. Norovirus
B. Influenza virus
C. Hepatitis virus
D. HIV
780. The bacterium responsible for causing tuberculosis is:
A. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
B. Staphylococcus aureus
C. Streptococcus pneumoniae
D. Escherichia coli
781. The term 'aseptic technique' refers to:
A. Methods to prevent contamination
B. Methods to culture bacteria
C. Methods to sterilize instruments
D. Methods to isolate pathogens
782. Which of the following is a common opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised patients?
A. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
B. Streptococcus pneumoniae
C. Staphylococcus aureus
D. Neisseria meningitidis
783. The cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria is characterized by:
A. Thin peptidoglycan layer
B. Thick peptidoglycan layer
C. Presence of an outer membrane
D. Presence of lipopolysaccharides
784. Which of the following is a common method for sterilizing heat-sensitive materials?
A. Autoclaving
B. Ethylene oxide
C. Boiling
D. Dry heat
785. Which of the following techniques is used for identifying bacterial species based on their biochemical properties?
A. Polymerase chain reaction
B. Biochemical tests
C. Gel electrophoresis
D. DNA sequencing
786. The bacterium responsible for causing cholera is:
A. Vibrio cholerae
B. Salmonella typhi
C. Shigella dysenteriae
D. Escherichia coli
787. The primary function of the immune system is to:
A. Regulate body temperature
B. Protect against pathogens
C. Aid in digestion
D. Control inflammation
788. The enzyme responsible for breaking down hydrogen peroxide in bacteria is:
A. Catalase
B. Peroxidase
C. Superoxide dismutase
D. Oxidase
789. Which of the following is a characteristic of Gram-negative bacteria?
A. Thick peptidoglycan layer
B. Presence of an outer membrane
C. Staining blue with Gram stain
D. No lipopolysaccharide in cell wall
790. The most common method of transmission for tuberculosis is:
A. Fecal-oral
B. Airborne
C. Vector-borne
D. Bloodborne
791. Which of the following bacteria is known for causing strep throat?
A. Streptococcus pyogenes
B. Streptococcus pneumoniae
C. Staphylococcus aureus
D. Bacillus anthracis
792. The primary component of the bacterial cell membrane is:
A. Phospholipids
B. Proteins
C. Carbohydrates
D. Nucleic acids
793. Which of the following is an example of a vector-borne disease?
A. Tuberculosis
B. Malaria
C. Influenza
D. Measles
794. The bacterium responsible for causing diphtheria is:
A. Corynebacterium diphtheriae
B. Streptococcus pneumoniae
C. Staphylococcus aureus
D. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
795. The presence of a capsule in bacteria serves to:
A. Provide nutrients
B. Aid in motility
C. Protect against phagocytosis
D. Facilitate reproduction
796. The antibiotic rifampicin works by:
A. Inhibiting cell wall synthesis
B. Inhibiting protein synthesis
C. Inhibiting nucleic acid synthesis
D. Disrupting metabolic pathways
797. The disease caused by the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes primarily affects:
A. The respiratory system
B. The gastrointestinal tract
C. Pregnant women and newborns
D. The cardiovascular system
798. Which of the following is a method of microbial control that involves the removal of all viable microorganisms?
A. Disinfection
B. Sterilization
C. Sanitization
D. Antisepsis
799. Which of the following is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause infections in immunocompromised individuals?
A. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
B. Escherichia coli
C. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
D. Streptococcus pneumoniae
800. The bacterium responsible for causing tetanus is:
A. Clostridium tetani
B. Clostridium botulinum
C. Bacillus anthracis
D. Staphylococcus aureus
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