MCQ Test
501. A boy with skin ulcer on leg, culture revealed β-hemolysis. School physician said that similar hemolysis was seen in organism from sore throat, what is the similarity between both pathogens?
A. Protein-A is same for both
B. C-carbohydrate antigen is different
C. C-carbohydrate antigen is the same
D. Strain causing both are same
502. A type of cell culture that can reproduce for an extended number of generations and is used to support viral replication is a:
A. Primary cell culture
B. Continuous cell line
C. Secondary cell culture
D. Diploid fibroblast cell
503. Bacteriophages are readily counted by process of:
A. Immunoassays
B. ELISA
C. Tissue culture
D. Plaque assays
504. Non-motile clostridium is:
A. Clostridium perfringens
B. Clostridium novyi
C. Clostridium botulinum
D. Clostridium difficile
505. Which of the following is not an RNA virus?
A. Retrovirus
B. Enterovirus
C. Rhabdovirus
D. Adenovirus
506. In name of family Reovirus, word 'reo' refers to:
A. Respiratory enteric orphans
B. Respiratory
C. Enteric
D. Orphans
507. Virus that is well known in causing 'latent infection' is:
A. Adenovirus
B. Hepatitis B Virus
C. Influenza virus
D. Herpesvirus
508. Which one of the following statements is NOT true about viral infections?
A. Virus infections are all life threatening
B. Number of viruses cause similar symptoms
C. Virus infection may cause immunosuppression
D. Some viruses require other viruses for replication
509. Which one of following viruses is not oncogenic?
A. Adenoviruses
B. HSV-2
C. HCV
D. EBV
510. Laboratory diagnosis of HIV infection is usually made by which of the following:
A. Biochemical tests
B. Growth of virus in chicken embryo
C. Detection of antigen and antibodies
D. Light microscopy
511. What is a primer?
A. A short DNA sequence
B. A short RNA sequence
C. A short sequence of oligonucleotide
D. A promoter sequence
512. Direct viral diagnostic techniques include all of the following EXCEPT:
A. Electron microscopy
B. Antibodies detection
C. Light microscopy
D. Viral genome detection
513. The first step in all virus infection is:
A. Uncoating
B. Migration to nucleus
C. Attachment to cell receptor
D. Transcription
514. The first step in virus replication after uncoating of the positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses is which of the following?
A. Transcription
B. Translation
C. Genome replication
D. Assembly
515. Rubella has the most serious consequences in:
A. Children
B. Pregnant Women
C. Summer months
D. Years with heavy rainfall
516. Immunopathology (immune-mediated disease) may be involved with a severe form of which of the following Flavivirus infections?
A. Yellow fever
B. West Nile
C. Hepatitis C
D. Dengue fever
517. Infectious bursal disease of chickens leads to loss of which of the following cell types?
A. Thymic cells
B. B-lymphocytes
C. Neurons
D. Neutrophils
518. Deltavirus infection is always associated with coinfection with:
A. Hepatitis C
B. Dengue fever
C. Hepatitis B
D. Influenza
519. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test amplifies:
A. DNA
B. RNA
C. Proteins
D. Lipids
520. The process of using bacteria to produce proteins is called:
A. Gene therapy
B. Cloning
C. Recombinant DNA technology
D. Gene editing
521. An example of a live attenuated vaccine is:
A. Measles vaccine
B. Polio vaccine (injected)
C. Tetanus toxoid
D. Hepatitis B vaccine
522. A new virus is discovered, which causes severe disease in human. What should be the first step in studying this virus?
A. Develop a vaccine
B. Identify the virus
C. Test for antiviral drugs
D. Assess the public health risk
523. The enzyme responsible for synthesizing DNA is:
A. DNA polymerase
B. RNA polymerase
C. Ligase
D. Helicase
524. The most common cause of viral gastroenteritis in children is:
A. Rotavirus
B. Norovirus
C. Adenovirus
D. Astrovirus
525. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of viruses?
A. They contain DNA or RNA
B. They can reproduce independently
C. They are infectious
D. They are smaller than bacteria
526. A virus's protein coat is called:
A. Envelope
B. Capsid
C. Peplomer
D. Membrane
527. The enzyme that helps to join DNA fragments is:
A. Ligase
B. Polymerase
C. Exonuclease
D. Helicase
528. Which of the following is a characteristic of bacteria?
A. They are multicellular
B. They are eukaryotic
C. They have a cell wall
D. They lack ribosomes
529. A method used to separate and analyze proteins is:
A. DNA sequencing
B. Gel electrophoresis
C. PCR
D. Cloning
530. Which of the following is an indicator organism used in water quality testing?
A. Staphylococcus aureus
B. E. coli
C. Salmonella typhi
D. Shigella dysenteriae
531. The standard method for counting bacteria in a sample is:
A. Turbidity measurement
B. Viable plate count
C. Direct microscopic count
D. PCR
532. The process of bacteria acquiring DNA from the environment is known as:
A. Transduction
B. Transformation
C. Conjugation
D. Mutation
533. A common laboratory technique used for separating DNA fragments is:
A. PCR
B. Gel electrophoresis
C. Cloning
D. Filtration
534. What is the primary purpose of a biosafety cabinet in a microbiology lab?
A. To sterilize materials
B. To provide sterile conditions for working
C. To incubate samples
D. To provide refrigeration
535. Which of the following is NOT an example of a viral infection?
A. Influenza
B. Tuberculosis
C. Measles
D. Hepatitis
536. Which type of microorganism is primarily responsible for antibiotic production?
A. Bacteria
B. Viruses
C. Fungi
D. Protozoa
537. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of fungi?
A. Eukaryotic
B. Multicellular
C. Autotrophic
D. Chitin cell wall
538. The shape of bacteria can be determined by:
A. Cell wall composition
B. Genetic material
C. Nutritional requirements
D. All of the above
539. The process of introducing a foreign gene into a cell is known as:
A. Transduction
B. Transformation
C. Transcription
D. Translation
540. The total number of colonies on a plate is referred to as:
A. CFU
B. MPN
C. Titer
D. Density
541. A major feature of the innate immune system is:
A. Specificity
B. Memory
C. Immediate response
D. Clonal selection
542. The type of immunity that develops after exposure to a pathogen is:
A. Innate immunity
B. Passive immunity
C. Active immunity
D. Herd immunity
543. The structure that helps bacteria attach to surfaces is:
A. Capsule
B. Flagella
C. Fimbriae
D. Cell wall
544. A disease that can be transmitted from animals to humans is:
A. Zoonosis
B. Endemic disease
C. Epidemic disease
D. Pandemic disease
545. A common method of sterilization used in laboratories is:
A. Boiling
B. Autoclaving
C. Disinfection
D. Antisepsis
546. The method used to isolate pure cultures from mixed cultures is:
A. Streak plate method
B. Spread plate method
C. Pour plate method
D. Enrichment culture
547. A viral infection characterized by fever and rash is:
A. Measles
B. Influenza
C. Hepatitis
D. Mumps
548. Which of the following can be used to culture anaerobic bacteria?
A. Thioglycolate broth
B. Nutrient agar
C. Sabouraud agar
D. Blood agar
549. A substance produced by one organism that is harmful to another organism is called:
A. Antibiotic
B. Antigen
C. Antibody
D. Vaccine
550. The smallest unit of life is:
A. Tissue
B. Organ
C. Cell
D. Organism
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