101. Clostridium bacillus is:
A. Facultative anaerobe
B. Facultative aerobe
C. Obligate anaerobe ✅
D. Obligate aerobe
A. Facultative anaerobe
B. Facultative aerobe
C. Obligate anaerobe ✅
D. Obligate aerobe
102. α-hemolytic streptococci are also known as_______.
A. Streptococcus pyogenes
B. Virulence group
C. Viridans group ✅
D. CoNS
A. Streptococcus pyogenes
B. Virulence group
C. Viridans group ✅
D. CoNS
103. __________ is/are used to determine glucose fermentation by bacteria?
A. Methyl red test
B. TSI test
C. Urease test
D. MR test and TSI test ✅
A. Methyl red test
B. TSI test
C. Urease test
D. MR test and TSI test ✅
104. Protein particles which can cause disease are:
A. Virions
B. Nucleoida
C. Bacteriophages
D. Prions ✅
A. Virions
B. Nucleoida
C. Bacteriophages
D. Prions ✅
105. Bacteria are more sensitive to antibiotics at which phase of growth curve?
A. Decline phase
B. Lag phase
C. Log phase ✅
D. Stationary phase
A. Decline phase
B. Lag phase
C. Log phase ✅
D. Stationary phase
106. Syphilis is a bacterial STD, caused by________.
A. Trichomonas vaginalis
B. Treponema pallidum ✅
C. Leptospira
D. Neisseria gonorrhea
A. Trichomonas vaginalis
B. Treponema pallidum ✅
C. Leptospira
D. Neisseria gonorrhea
107. Staining material of Gram-negative bacteria is:
A. Crystal violet
B. Safranin ✅
C. Carbol fuchsin
D. Methylene blue
A. Crystal violet
B. Safranin ✅
C. Carbol fuchsin
D. Methylene blue
108. The bacterium that is most commonly used in genetic engineering is:
A. Staphylococcus
B. Klebsiella
C. Proteus
D. Escherichia ✅
A. Staphylococcus
B. Klebsiella
C. Proteus
D. Escherichia ✅
109. In autoclave, the principle involved is:
A. Dry heat
B. Moist heat
C. Steam under pressure ✅
D. Moist heat and steam under pressure
A. Dry heat
B. Moist heat
C. Steam under pressure ✅
D. Moist heat and steam under pressure
110. ____ is NOT an example of immuno-diagnostic test.
A. PCR
B. Serum plate agglutination test
C. ELISA
D. FAT ✅
A. PCR
B. Serum plate agglutination test
C. ELISA
D. FAT ✅
111. Staph-110 used for the isolation of Staphylococcus, is an example of ___________ medium.
A. Selective ✅
B. Enrichment
C. Differential
D. General purpose
A. Selective ✅
B. Enrichment
C. Differential
D. General purpose
112. Production of RNA from DNA is called:
A. Translation
B. Transcription ✅
C. RNA splicing
D. Replication
A. Translation
B. Transcription ✅
C. RNA splicing
D. Replication
113. Metachromatic granules are found in:
A. Mycoplasma
B. Tuberculosis
C. Diphtheria ✅
D. Tetanus
A. Mycoplasma
B. Tuberculosis
C. Diphtheria ✅
D. Tetanus
114. Example of anaerobic medium is:
A. Nutrient agar
B. Selenite F broth
C. Robertson cooked-meat medium ✅
D. MacConkey agar
A. Nutrient agar
B. Selenite F broth
C. Robertson cooked-meat medium ✅
D. MacConkey agar
115. All of following are waterborne diseases EXCEPT:
A. Cholera
B. Scabies ✅
C. Giardiasis
D. Salmonellosis
A. Cholera
B. Scabies ✅
C. Giardiasis
D. Salmonellosis
116. Existence of Tuberculosis in the population of Faisalabad is an example of:
A. Epidemic
B. Endemic ✅
C. Pandemic
D. Sporadic
A. Epidemic
B. Endemic ✅
C. Pandemic
D. Sporadic
117. Mycotoxins are produced by:
A. Bacteria
B. Viruses
C. Fungi ✅
D. Protozoa
A. Bacteria
B. Viruses
C. Fungi ✅
D. Protozoa
118. In polymerase chain reaction, the extension step is done at temperature:
A. 50-60 °C
B. 95 °C
C. 37 °C
D. 72 °C ✅
A. 50-60 °C
B. 95 °C
C. 37 °C
D. 72 °C ✅
119. Basophils have receptors for _________ antibodies.
A. IgG
B. IgE ✅
C. IgA
D. IgD
A. IgG
B. IgE ✅
C. IgA
D. IgD
120. Enzymes are chemically:
A. Lipids
B. Proteins ✅
C. Carbohydrates
D. Lipoproteins
A. Lipids
B. Proteins ✅
C. Carbohydrates
D. Lipoproteins
121. Which of the following has optimum growth temperature greater than 45 °C?
A. Mesophilic
B. Psychrophiles
C. Psychrophilic
D. Thermophiles ✅
A. Mesophilic
B. Psychrophiles
C. Psychrophilic
D. Thermophiles ✅
122. The enzyme ____________ unzips and unwinds the DNA.
A. DNA polymerase
B. Helicase ✅
C. Primase
D. Reverse transcriptase
A. DNA polymerase
B. Helicase ✅
C. Primase
D. Reverse transcriptase
123. Helicobacter pylori possesses __________ that helps to neutralize stomach acid (HCl).
A. Coagulase
B. Urease ✅
C. Hyaluronidase
D. Catalase
A. Coagulase
B. Urease ✅
C. Hyaluronidase
D. Catalase
124. Capnophiles bacteria grow at optimum in:
A. Small percentage of CO2 ✅
B. Excess CO2
C. Excess of O2
D. Absence of O2
A. Small percentage of CO2 ✅
B. Excess CO2
C. Excess of O2
D. Absence of O2
125. First line of body defense is:
A. Antibody molecules
B. Antigen molecules
C. Phagocytic cells
D. Unbroken skin ✅
A. Antibody molecules
B. Antigen molecules
C. Phagocytic cells
D. Unbroken skin ✅
126. ‘Toxic shock syndrome’ is caused by the toxin of:
A. Staphylococcus aureus ✅
B. Streptococcus pyogenes
C. Vibrio cholerae
D. Proteus vulgaris
A. Staphylococcus aureus ✅
B. Streptococcus pyogenes
C. Vibrio cholerae
D. Proteus vulgaris
127. _________ reagent is used to precipitate DNA.
A. SDS
B. Isopropanol ✅
C. Phenol
D. EDTA
A. SDS
B. Isopropanol ✅
C. Phenol
D. EDTA
128. The nosocomial infections are acquired from:
A. Plants
B. Hospitals ✅
C. Animals
D. Community
A. Plants
B. Hospitals ✅
C. Animals
D. Community
129. Virus family causing mumps is also responsible for:
A. Hepatitis
B. Rabies
C. Measles ✅
D. Smallpox
A. Hepatitis
B. Rabies
C. Measles ✅
D. Smallpox
130. Carcinoma refers to:
A. Malignant tumors of the connective tissue
B. Malignant tumors of the colon
C. Malignant tumors of skin or mucus membrane ✅
D. Malignant tumors of the lungs
A. Malignant tumors of the connective tissue
B. Malignant tumors of the colon
C. Malignant tumors of skin or mucus membrane ✅
D. Malignant tumors of the lungs
131. Batch fermentation is also called:
A. Open system
B. Closed system ✅
C. Sub-merger system
D. Continuous system
A. Open system
B. Closed system ✅
C. Sub-merger system
D. Continuous system
132. Live bacterial cells can be examined:
A. In dark field microscope ✅
B. After Gram staining
C. After special staining
D. Acid-fast staining
A. In dark field microscope ✅
B. After Gram staining
C. After special staining
D. Acid-fast staining
133. IgM type of antibodies has been found to occur in:
A. Monomer
B. Dimer
C. Trimer
D. Pentamer ✅
A. Monomer
B. Dimer
C. Trimer
D. Pentamer ✅
134. Which sequence is a palindrome?
A. 5'-GATTA-3'
B. 5'-GACTTT-3'
C. 5'-GACCAA-3'
D. 5' AGGCCT 3’ ✅
A. 5'-GATTA-3'
B. 5'-GACTTT-3'
C. 5'-GACCAA-3'
D. 5' AGGCCT 3’ ✅
135. Bacterial cells are at their metabolic peak during:
A. Lag phase
B. Log phase ✅
C. Stationary Phase
D. Decline Phase
A. Lag phase
B. Log phase ✅
C. Stationary Phase
D. Decline Phase
136. The antibiotic acting on cell wall is:
A. Chloramphenicol
B. Rifampin
C. Polymyxins
D. Penicillin ✅
A. Chloramphenicol
B. Rifampin
C. Polymyxins
D. Penicillin ✅
137. Which of the following is a motile bacterium?
A. Klebsiella pneumoniae
B. Bacillus anthracis
C. Proteus vulgaris ✅
D. Shigella flexneri
A. Klebsiella pneumoniae
B. Bacillus anthracis
C. Proteus vulgaris ✅
D. Shigella flexneri
138. Migration of leukocytes in response to specific chemicals towards the site of injury or infection:
A. Specific immunity
B. Phagocytosis
C. Inflammation
D. Chemotaxis ✅
A. Specific immunity
B. Phagocytosis
C. Inflammation
D. Chemotaxis ✅
139. _____ is a vector to transmit Dengue virus to man.
A. Male Culex
B. Male Aedes
C. Female Aedes ✅
D. Female Culex
A. Male Culex
B. Male Aedes
C. Female Aedes ✅
D. Female Culex
140. The organisms which grow best in the presence of a low concentration of oxygen:
A. Microaerophilic ✅
B. Anaerobic
C. Facultative anaerobic
D. Obligate aerobes
A. Microaerophilic ✅
B. Anaerobic
C. Facultative anaerobic
D. Obligate aerobes
141. Which one the following blood cells primarily functions as phagocytic cells?
A. B-lymphocytes
B. T-lymphocytes
C. Eosinophils
D. Neutrophils ✅
A. B-lymphocytes
B. T-lymphocytes
C. Eosinophils
D. Neutrophils ✅
142. Acquired immunity is:
A. Natural
B. Artificial
C. Active
D. All of these ✅
A. Natural
B. Artificial
C. Active
D. All of these ✅
143. Formation of nitrate from ammonia is called:
A. Ammonification
B. Denitrification
C. Nitrogen fixation
D. Nitrification ✅
A. Ammonification
B. Denitrification
C. Nitrogen fixation
D. Nitrification ✅
144. Main site of action of tetanus toxin:
A. Muscle fibers
B. Neuromuscular junction
C. Postsynaptic terminal of spinal cord
D. Presynaptic terminal of spinal cord ✅
A. Muscle fibers
B. Neuromuscular junction
C. Postsynaptic terminal of spinal cord
D. Presynaptic terminal of spinal cord ✅
145. Which of the following is a start codon?
A. GUG
B. UGA
C. GAA
D. AUG ✅
A. GUG
B. UGA
C. GAA
D. AUG ✅
146. Acquisition of naked DNA by intact bacteria is:
A. Transduction
B. Transcription
C. Conjugation
D. Transformation ✅
A. Transduction
B. Transcription
C. Conjugation
D. Transformation ✅
147. T4 enzyme is an example of:
A. Restriction enzyme ✅
B. Polymerase
C. Ligase
D. Integrase
A. Restriction enzyme ✅
B. Polymerase
C. Ligase
D. Integrase
148. _____________ are thin and help in attachment and colonization.
A. Fimbriae ✅
B. Sex pilli
C. Capsule
D. Cell wall
A. Fimbriae ✅
B. Sex pilli
C. Capsule
D. Cell wall
149. _________ is the killing of all microorganisms both in vegetative and sporing states.
A. Disinfection
B. Pasteurization
C. Sterilization ✅
D. Antisepsis
A. Disinfection
B. Pasteurization
C. Sterilization ✅
D. Antisepsis
150. ______________ technique requires previously diluted samples carpeted over agar plate.
A. Streak plate
B. Spread plate ✅
C. Pour plate
D. Stab tube
A. Streak plate
B. Spread plate ✅
C. Pour plate
D. Stab tube
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