551. Which one of the following is INCORRECT for live vaccine?
A. Require larger dose / more boosters
B. Require special storage (cold chain)
C. Can conceivably mutate back to virulent strain
D. Confer long-lasting protection ✅
A. Require larger dose / more boosters
B. Require special storage (cold chain)
C. Can conceivably mutate back to virulent strain
D. Confer long-lasting protection ✅
552. Endoflagellum is present in which class of bacteria?
A. Spirilla
B. Spirochetes ✅
C. Bacillus
D. Coccus
A. Spirilla
B. Spirochetes ✅
C. Bacillus
D. Coccus
553. ______ provokes an overwhelming T-cell response.
A. Autoantigen
B. Autoantigen
C. Allergen
D. Superantigen ✅
A. Autoantigen
B. Autoantigen
C. Allergen
D. Superantigen ✅
554. Indirect protection of unimmunized animals is:
A. Artificial active immunity
B. Herd immunity ✅
C. Artificial passive immunity
D. Natural active immunity
A. Artificial active immunity
B. Herd immunity ✅
C. Artificial passive immunity
D. Natural active immunity
555. Which of the following statements regarding clonal selection theory is INCORRECT?
A. Specificity for Ag of T cells produced is identical to the specificity of the TCR on initial T cell.
B. The body is equipped with billions of lymphocytes. Each is devoted to respond to one specific epitope.
C. An epitope triggers the production of a number of lymphocytes, each with different receptors.
D. Antigen binding to a TCR triggers proliferation and differentiation of T cells into effector cells. ✅
A. Specificity for Ag of T cells produced is identical to the specificity of the TCR on initial T cell.
B. The body is equipped with billions of lymphocytes. Each is devoted to respond to one specific epitope.
C. An epitope triggers the production of a number of lymphocytes, each with different receptors.
D. Antigen binding to a TCR triggers proliferation and differentiation of T cells into effector cells. ✅
556. Which one of the following properties is NOT required for a vaccine?
A. Should protect against natural exposure
B. Should be cheaper.
C. Should have relatively longer shelf life.
D. Should be less immunogenic ✅
A. Should protect against natural exposure
B. Should be cheaper.
C. Should have relatively longer shelf life.
D. Should be less immunogenic ✅
557. In a host, virus-infected host cells are killed by:
A. Activated cytotoxic T lymphocytes ✅
B. Activated B lymphocytes
C. Activated T helper cells
D. Monoclonal antibodies
A. Activated cytotoxic T lymphocytes ✅
B. Activated B lymphocytes
C. Activated T helper cells
D. Monoclonal antibodies
558. The Petroff-Hausser chamber is used for ______.
A. Incubation of culture medium
B. Direct microscopic count ✅
C. Viable count
D. To grow anaerobic bacteria
A. Incubation of culture medium
B. Direct microscopic count ✅
C. Viable count
D. To grow anaerobic bacteria
559. Toxoid injection to protect future tetanus infection is an example of:
A. Natural passive immunity
B. Artificial active immunity ✅
C. Natural active immunity
D. Artificial passive immunity
A. Natural passive immunity
B. Artificial active immunity ✅
C. Natural active immunity
D. Artificial passive immunity
560. _______ has the ability to induce a malignant tumor.
A. Toxic
B. Carcinogenic ✅
C. Corrosive
D. Ignitable
A. Toxic
B. Carcinogenic ✅
C. Corrosive
D. Ignitable
561. Secretory component that facilitates to move across the mucus membrane is present in:
A. Ig M
B. Ig G
C. Ig A ✅
D. Ig E
A. Ig M
B. Ig G
C. Ig A ✅
D. Ig E
562. Biosafety level that includes most common laboratory microorganisms & involves organisms such as HBV, Staphylococcus & enteric pathogens is:
A. BSL 1
B. BSL 2 ✅
C. BSL 3
D. BSL 4
A. BSL 1
B. BSL 2 ✅
C. BSL 3
D. BSL 4
563. Which of the following open biological safety cabinets sterilize both the air entering and leaving the cabinet and utilizes a HEPA filter?
A. Class I
B. Class II ✅
C. Class III
D. Class IV
A. Class I
B. Class II ✅
C. Class III
D. Class IV
564. Which of the following hazardous chemicals causes serious biological effects following inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with even small amounts?
A. Corrosive
B. Toxic ✅
C. Carcinogenic
D. Ignitable
A. Corrosive
B. Toxic ✅
C. Carcinogenic
D. Ignitable
565. Bacterial fimbriae present on the outer cell surface are used for:
A. Cellular activity
B. Sexual reproduction
C. Adherence to surfaces ✅
D. Adherence and exchange of genetic information
A. Cellular activity
B. Sexual reproduction
C. Adherence to surfaces ✅
D. Adherence and exchange of genetic information
566. An infection that may occur as a result of accidental needle sticks or through broken glass is classified as which of the following routes?
A. Direct inoculation ✅
B. Airborne
C. Ingestion
D. Mucous membrane contact
A. Direct inoculation ✅
B. Airborne
C. Ingestion
D. Mucous membrane contact
567. What is the total magnification if the eyepiece is 10X and the objective lens is 40X?
A. 40 times bigger
B. 4 times bigger
C. 14 times bigger
D. 400 times bigger ✅
A. 40 times bigger
B. 4 times bigger
C. 14 times bigger
D. 400 times bigger ✅
568. _________ is intended to destroy all microorganisms within the human body:
A. To introduce new genes to human beings
B. To remove disease-causing genes from humans
C. To improve techniques of finger printing
D. None of the above ✅
A. To introduce new genes to human beings
B. To remove disease-causing genes from humans
C. To improve techniques of finger printing
D. None of the above ✅
569. A method of gene therapy that targets a particular tissue is known as:
A. Gene editing
B. Gene targeting ✅
C. Gene cloning
D. Gene replacement
A. Gene editing
B. Gene targeting ✅
C. Gene cloning
D. Gene replacement
570. Which one of the following statements about plant tissue culture is correct?
A. The culturing of root is not possible
B. Any cell that is totipotent can be cultured ✅
C. The pH of the media need not be maintained
D. Fruit juices are added to media as carbon source
A. The culturing of root is not possible
B. Any cell that is totipotent can be cultured ✅
C. The pH of the media need not be maintained
D. Fruit juices are added to media as carbon source
571. With reference to biotechnology, microinjection is a method of:
A. Injecting a solution of DNA into the nucleus of a cell ✅
B. Injecting nutrients into a cell culture media
C. Injecting microbes into a cell culture media
D. Injecting medicine to human beings
A. Injecting a solution of DNA into the nucleus of a cell ✅
B. Injecting nutrients into a cell culture media
C. Injecting microbes into a cell culture media
D. Injecting medicine to human beings
572. Agar, used in plant tissue culture is extracted from:
A. A fungus
B. A bacterium
C. An alga ✅
D. A virus
A. A fungus
B. A bacterium
C. An alga ✅
D. A virus
573. Totipotency refers to:
A. The ability of a plant cell to arrest the growth of a plant
B. The ability of a plant cell to develop disease
C. The ability of a plant cell to develop into a complete plant ✅
D. The ability of a plant cell to develop into a callus
A. The ability of a plant cell to arrest the growth of a plant
B. The ability of a plant cell to develop disease
C. The ability of a plant cell to develop into a complete plant ✅
D. The ability of a plant cell to develop into a callus
574. The main aim of the human genome project is:
A. To map all human genes ✅
B. To create new species
C. To cure genetic diseases
D. To analyze DNA
A. To map all human genes ✅
B. To create new species
C. To cure genetic diseases
D. To analyze DNA
575. The process of introduction of foreign DNA into animal cells is called:
A. Transfection ✅
B. Transduction
C. Transformation
D. Translation
A. Transfection ✅
B. Transduction
C. Transformation
D. Translation
576. The cloned sheep “Dolly” had a genotype which is:
A. Haploid and identical to that of the mother’s egg cell
B. Diploid & alike to that of mother’s somatic cells ✅
C. Diploid with the haploid set of chromosomes from the father and other from the mother
D. Diploid & alike to that of the donor’s somatic cells
A. Haploid and identical to that of the mother’s egg cell
B. Diploid & alike to that of mother’s somatic cells ✅
C. Diploid with the haploid set of chromosomes from the father and other from the mother
D. Diploid & alike to that of the donor’s somatic cells
577. Pluripotent cells derived from the early pre-implantation of an embryo in mice are called:
A. Stem cells ✅
B. Organ culture
C. Somatic cell hybridization
D. Hybridoma
A. Stem cells ✅
B. Organ culture
C. Somatic cell hybridization
D. Hybridoma
578. A segment of DNA that reads from the same forward and backward is called:
A. Palindromic DNA ✅
B. Complementary DNA
C. Plasmid DNA
D. Copy DNA
A. Palindromic DNA ✅
B. Complementary DNA
C. Plasmid DNA
D. Copy DNA
579. The chemical nature of ‘humulin’ produced by recombinant DNA technology is:
A. Lipid
B. Protein ✅
C. Monosaccharide
D. Vitamin
A. Lipid
B. Protein ✅
C. Monosaccharide
D. Vitamin
580. Which of the following is associated with DNA fingerprinting?
A. Hybridoma
B. Site-specific mutagenesis
C. Shotgun cloning
D. RFLP ✅
A. Hybridoma
B. Site-specific mutagenesis
C. Shotgun cloning
D. RFLP ✅
581. Which technique would most likely be used to produce a large number of genetically identical offspring?
A. Cloning and in vitro culture ✅
B. Polymerase chain reaction
C. Chromatography
D. Electrophoresis
A. Cloning and in vitro culture ✅
B. Polymerase chain reaction
C. Chromatography
D. Electrophoresis
582. The restriction endonucleases are called so because:
A. They have a very restrictive or site-specific endonuclease activity
B. They cut DNA at a few restricted sites ✅
C. They restrict the entry of foreign DNA into the cell by cleaving the DNA due to endonuclease activity
D. Their distribution is restricted to only some bacterial cells
A. They have a very restrictive or site-specific endonuclease activity
B. They cut DNA at a few restricted sites ✅
C. They restrict the entry of foreign DNA into the cell by cleaving the DNA due to endonuclease activity
D. Their distribution is restricted to only some bacterial cells
583. A hybridoma cell:
A. Produces different types of antibodies against different types of antigens
B. Produces only specific antibodies only against a specific antigen ✅
C. Produces different types of antibodies but only one type of antigen
D. None of the above
A. Produces different types of antibodies against different types of antigens
B. Produces only specific antibodies only against a specific antigen ✅
C. Produces different types of antibodies but only one type of antigen
D. None of the above
584. A cancerous/myeloma cell in hybridoma helps in:
A. Continuous growth of hybridoma ✅
B. Production of antibodies
C. Both “A” and “B”
D. Neither “A” nor “B”
A. Continuous growth of hybridoma ✅
B. Production of antibodies
C. Both “A” and “B”
D. Neither “A” nor “B”
585. Which one of the following organisms is used for the large-scale production of recombinant insulin?
A. Plasmodium
B. Agrobacterium
C. Rhizobium
D. E. coli ✅
A. Plasmodium
B. Agrobacterium
C. Rhizobium
D. E. coli ✅
586. The unique feature of monoclonal antibody is that:
A. It is specific to a single antigenic determinant of a single antigen ✅
B. It is non-specific
C. It is specific to a few antigenic determinants
D. Restricted growth
A. It is specific to a single antigenic determinant of a single antigen ✅
B. It is non-specific
C. It is specific to a few antigenic determinants
D. Restricted growth
587. ‘Thermal Cycler’ is used in the reaction:
A. Enzyme linked immune-sorbant assay
B. Ligation reaction
C. Polymerase chain reaction ✅
D. Immobilization reaction
A. Enzyme linked immune-sorbant assay
B. Ligation reaction
C. Polymerase chain reaction ✅
D. Immobilization reaction
588. The process of introduction of foreign DNA into an animal cell is called:
A. Transfection ✅
B. Transduction
C. Transformation
D. Transcription
A. Transfection ✅
B. Transduction
C. Transformation
D. Transcription
589. A method of gene therapy that targets a particular tissue is known as:
A. Gene editing
B. Gene targeting ✅
C. Gene cloning
D. Gene replacement
A. Gene editing
B. Gene targeting ✅
C. Gene cloning
D. Gene replacement
590. The main aim of the human genome project is:
A. To map all human genes ✅
B. To create new species
C. To cure genetic diseases
D. To analyze DNA
A. To map all human genes ✅
B. To create new species
C. To cure genetic diseases
D. To analyze DNA
591. A bioreactor known for mass culturing of cells/microbes must have:
A. Agitation for mixing of cells and medium
B. Sterile conditions
C. Regulation of temperature, aeration, etc.
D. All of these ✅
A. Agitation for mixing of cells and medium
B. Sterile conditions
C. Regulation of temperature, aeration, etc.
D. All of these ✅
592. In vitro culture of plant parts need:
A. Controlled environmental condition
B. Aseptic condition
C. Maintenance of pH
D. All of these ✅
A. Controlled environmental condition
B. Aseptic condition
C. Maintenance of pH
D. All of these ✅
593. Bioreactors are used for:
A. Large scale production of desired substances by using cells/microbes ✅
B. Kill bacteria
C. To store viruses
D. To get chemicals
A. Large scale production of desired substances by using cells/microbes ✅
B. Kill bacteria
C. To store viruses
D. To get chemicals
594. The basic components of tissue culture media are:
A. Micro and macro nutrients, glucose
B. Micro and macro nutrients, vitamins, agar
C. Micro and macro nutrients and growth regulators, glucose
D. Micro and macro nutrients, growth regulators, agar, vitamins, glucose ✅
A. Micro and macro nutrients, glucose
B. Micro and macro nutrients, vitamins, agar
C. Micro and macro nutrients and growth regulators, glucose
D. Micro and macro nutrients, growth regulators, agar, vitamins, glucose ✅
595. Agar is added to tissue culture media as:
A. Carbon source
B. A growth regulator
C. Nitrogen source
D. Solidifying agent ✅
A. Carbon source
B. A growth regulator
C. Nitrogen source
D. Solidifying agent ✅
596. Stem cells found in umbilical cord blood are:
A. Totipotent
B. Pluripotent ✅
C. Omnipotent
D. Multipotent
A. Totipotent
B. Pluripotent ✅
C. Omnipotent
D. Multipotent
597. The culturing of root is not possible:
A. The culturing of root is not possible
B. Any cell that is totipotent can be cultured
C. The pH of the media need not be maintained
D. Fruit juices are added to media as carbon source ✅
A. The culturing of root is not possible
B. Any cell that is totipotent can be cultured
C. The pH of the media need not be maintained
D. Fruit juices are added to media as carbon source ✅
598. Which of the following is NOT correct about B. mallei?
A. B. mallei can grow at 42°C
B. B. mallei is non-motile
C. B. mallei is non-hemolytic
D. B. mallei can ferment glucose ✅
A. B. mallei can grow at 42°C
B. B. mallei is non-motile
C. B. mallei is non-hemolytic
D. B. mallei can ferment glucose ✅
599. Infection with ____ can lead to abortion in pregnant women & can be life-threatening in neonates, elderly, and immunocompromised patients.
A. Clostridium tetani
B. Klebsiella pneumoniae
C. Listeria monocytogenes ✅
D. Mycoplasma mycoides
A. Clostridium tetani
B. Klebsiella pneumoniae
C. Listeria monocytogenes ✅
D. Mycoplasma mycoides
600. Lumpy jaw disease with yellowish ‘sulfur granules’ is caused by:
A. Actinomyces bovis ✅
B. Borrelia anserina
C. Actinobacillus lignieresii
D. Mycoplasma bovis
A. Actinomyces bovis ✅
B. Borrelia anserina
C. Actinobacillus lignieresii
D. Mycoplasma bovis
